Depressive symptoms and the risk of arthritis: A survival analysis using data from the osteoarthritis initiative

BACKGROUND: Some studies investigated the association between depressive symptoms and arthritis; however, no longitudinal studies have documented the relationship between developing depressive symptoms and the risk of arthritis. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the development of depressive symptoms was associated with an elevated risk of arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survival analysis using Cox regression models was applied to osteoarthritis initiative data obtained over 6 years from adults (n = 3,662) aged ≥45 years at baseline. Developing depressive symptoms was defined using the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (cutoff 16 points) between baseline and 1 year. Arthritis was defined answering “yes” to the following self-reported question: “Did the doctor say you developed arthritis since the last clinic visit about 1 year ago?” over the 6-year follow-up period. RESULTS: The hazard ratios for developing arthritis were 3.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.32–5.29) and 2.03 (95% CI = 1.45–2.85) for men and women, respectively, as compared to those who did not develop depressive symptoms. There was a significantly (χ(2) = 73.672, P < 0.0001) lower survival probability at each time point throughout the study among men and women who developed depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: In both men and women, developing depressive symptoms increased the risk of arthritis, and the survival probability decreased at each time point.