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Integrated Space-Time Dataset Reveals High Diversity and Distinct Community Structure of Ciliates in Mesopelagic Waters of the Northern South China Sea

Little is known about diversity distribution and community structure of ciliates in mesopelagic waters, especially how they are related to spatial and temporal changes. Here, an integrative approach, combining high-throughput cDNA sequencing and quantitative protargol stain, was used to analyze cili...

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Autores principales: Sun, Ping, Huang, Liying, Xu, Dapeng, Warren, Alan, Huang, Bangqin, Wang, Ying, Wang, Lei, Xiao, Wupeng, Kong, Jie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6768975/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31616397
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02178
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author Sun, Ping
Huang, Liying
Xu, Dapeng
Warren, Alan
Huang, Bangqin
Wang, Ying
Wang, Lei
Xiao, Wupeng
Kong, Jie
author_facet Sun, Ping
Huang, Liying
Xu, Dapeng
Warren, Alan
Huang, Bangqin
Wang, Ying
Wang, Lei
Xiao, Wupeng
Kong, Jie
author_sort Sun, Ping
collection PubMed
description Little is known about diversity distribution and community structure of ciliates in mesopelagic waters, especially how they are related to spatial and temporal changes. Here, an integrative approach, combining high-throughput cDNA sequencing and quantitative protargol stain, was used to analyze ciliate communities collected temporally along a transect from coastal to oceanic regions at depths ranging from the surface to 1000 m. The mesopelagic zone exhibited comparable alpha diversity to surface water which was consistent over temporal variation, with high diversity occurring at the interface with the euphotic zone. Comparison with the northeastern and the western Pacific Ocean revealed consistency of this vertical distribution of ciliates across oceanic basins. Mesopelagic ciliates harbored distinct community structure without significant seasonal differences, with the vertical variations driven largely by members of the classes Spirotrichea and Oligohymenophorea. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated with Scuticociliatia, Astomatida and Apostomatida, members of which are known to be bacterivorous and/or commensal/parasitic species, were more abundant in mesopelagic waters than above, implying they are an important component of food webs in the mesopelagic zone. A combination of depth, geographic distance and environment shaped the ciliate communities, with depth being the most influential factor. Phylogenetic null modeling analysis further indicated that 57.1 and 33.3% of mesopelagic community variation was governed by dispersal limitation and heterogeneous selection, respectively, probably due to the marked biochemical and physical gradients down the water column. This suggests that ciliate community structure in the mesopelagic zone is mainly controlled by stochastic processes. Collectively, this study reports mesopelagic ciliates exhibited high diversity and distinct community structure across spatiotemporal scales and informs the processes mediating ciliate assembly in the mesopelagic zone. These should be fully considered in future studies to build a more comprehensive understanding of mesopelagic microbial assemblages.
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spelling pubmed-67689752019-10-15 Integrated Space-Time Dataset Reveals High Diversity and Distinct Community Structure of Ciliates in Mesopelagic Waters of the Northern South China Sea Sun, Ping Huang, Liying Xu, Dapeng Warren, Alan Huang, Bangqin Wang, Ying Wang, Lei Xiao, Wupeng Kong, Jie Front Microbiol Microbiology Little is known about diversity distribution and community structure of ciliates in mesopelagic waters, especially how they are related to spatial and temporal changes. Here, an integrative approach, combining high-throughput cDNA sequencing and quantitative protargol stain, was used to analyze ciliate communities collected temporally along a transect from coastal to oceanic regions at depths ranging from the surface to 1000 m. The mesopelagic zone exhibited comparable alpha diversity to surface water which was consistent over temporal variation, with high diversity occurring at the interface with the euphotic zone. Comparison with the northeastern and the western Pacific Ocean revealed consistency of this vertical distribution of ciliates across oceanic basins. Mesopelagic ciliates harbored distinct community structure without significant seasonal differences, with the vertical variations driven largely by members of the classes Spirotrichea and Oligohymenophorea. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated with Scuticociliatia, Astomatida and Apostomatida, members of which are known to be bacterivorous and/or commensal/parasitic species, were more abundant in mesopelagic waters than above, implying they are an important component of food webs in the mesopelagic zone. A combination of depth, geographic distance and environment shaped the ciliate communities, with depth being the most influential factor. Phylogenetic null modeling analysis further indicated that 57.1 and 33.3% of mesopelagic community variation was governed by dispersal limitation and heterogeneous selection, respectively, probably due to the marked biochemical and physical gradients down the water column. This suggests that ciliate community structure in the mesopelagic zone is mainly controlled by stochastic processes. Collectively, this study reports mesopelagic ciliates exhibited high diversity and distinct community structure across spatiotemporal scales and informs the processes mediating ciliate assembly in the mesopelagic zone. These should be fully considered in future studies to build a more comprehensive understanding of mesopelagic microbial assemblages. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6768975/ /pubmed/31616397 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02178 Text en Copyright © 2019 Sun, Huang, Xu, Warren, Huang, Wang, Wang, Xiao and Kong. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Sun, Ping
Huang, Liying
Xu, Dapeng
Warren, Alan
Huang, Bangqin
Wang, Ying
Wang, Lei
Xiao, Wupeng
Kong, Jie
Integrated Space-Time Dataset Reveals High Diversity and Distinct Community Structure of Ciliates in Mesopelagic Waters of the Northern South China Sea
title Integrated Space-Time Dataset Reveals High Diversity and Distinct Community Structure of Ciliates in Mesopelagic Waters of the Northern South China Sea
title_full Integrated Space-Time Dataset Reveals High Diversity and Distinct Community Structure of Ciliates in Mesopelagic Waters of the Northern South China Sea
title_fullStr Integrated Space-Time Dataset Reveals High Diversity and Distinct Community Structure of Ciliates in Mesopelagic Waters of the Northern South China Sea
title_full_unstemmed Integrated Space-Time Dataset Reveals High Diversity and Distinct Community Structure of Ciliates in Mesopelagic Waters of the Northern South China Sea
title_short Integrated Space-Time Dataset Reveals High Diversity and Distinct Community Structure of Ciliates in Mesopelagic Waters of the Northern South China Sea
title_sort integrated space-time dataset reveals high diversity and distinct community structure of ciliates in mesopelagic waters of the northern south china sea
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6768975/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31616397
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02178
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