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Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common modern-age diseases in children. Kidney failure does not reveal any symptoms for a long time; therefore, new biomarkers are sought, preferably those reflecting an early stage of CKD. The aim of our study was to evaluate total antioxidant potenti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6769502/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31540400 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090409 |
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author | Maciejczyk, Mateusz Szulimowska, Julita Taranta-Janusz, Katarzyna Werbel, Katarzyna Wasilewska, Anna Zalewska, Anna |
author_facet | Maciejczyk, Mateusz Szulimowska, Julita Taranta-Janusz, Katarzyna Werbel, Katarzyna Wasilewska, Anna Zalewska, Anna |
author_sort | Maciejczyk, Mateusz |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common modern-age diseases in children. Kidney failure does not reveal any symptoms for a long time; therefore, new biomarkers are sought, preferably those reflecting an early stage of CKD. The aim of our study was to evaluate total antioxidant potential as a biomarker differentiating the degree of CKD advancement. The study included 30 children with CKD and a control group matched by age and gender. Non-stimulated saliva (NWS), stimulated saliva (SWS), plasma and urine were used as study material. Total antioxidant potential was determined spectrophotometrically using the FRAP method (ferric ion reducing antioxidant parameter) by measuring total FRAP and uric acid (UA)-independent FRAP (FRAP-UA). We demonstrated that total FRAP, FRAP-UA and UA were significantly higher in stimulated saliva, as well as urine of CKD patients compared to the controls. These biomarkers increase with the progression of chronic kidney disease and their concentration in SWS reflects their content in urine. Interestingly, salivary FRAP and uric acid clearly differentiate between various stages of CKD as well as between healthy and ill children. Special attention should be paid to total FRAP which—measured in SWS—distinguishes patients with mildly to moderately decreased kidney function from those with severe renal impairment (AUC = 1, sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 100%). Although salivary FRAP may be a potential CKD biomarker in children, further studies are needed in a larger group of patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6769502 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67695022019-10-30 Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children Maciejczyk, Mateusz Szulimowska, Julita Taranta-Janusz, Katarzyna Werbel, Katarzyna Wasilewska, Anna Zalewska, Anna Antioxidants (Basel) Article Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common modern-age diseases in children. Kidney failure does not reveal any symptoms for a long time; therefore, new biomarkers are sought, preferably those reflecting an early stage of CKD. The aim of our study was to evaluate total antioxidant potential as a biomarker differentiating the degree of CKD advancement. The study included 30 children with CKD and a control group matched by age and gender. Non-stimulated saliva (NWS), stimulated saliva (SWS), plasma and urine were used as study material. Total antioxidant potential was determined spectrophotometrically using the FRAP method (ferric ion reducing antioxidant parameter) by measuring total FRAP and uric acid (UA)-independent FRAP (FRAP-UA). We demonstrated that total FRAP, FRAP-UA and UA were significantly higher in stimulated saliva, as well as urine of CKD patients compared to the controls. These biomarkers increase with the progression of chronic kidney disease and their concentration in SWS reflects their content in urine. Interestingly, salivary FRAP and uric acid clearly differentiate between various stages of CKD as well as between healthy and ill children. Special attention should be paid to total FRAP which—measured in SWS—distinguishes patients with mildly to moderately decreased kidney function from those with severe renal impairment (AUC = 1, sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 100%). Although salivary FRAP may be a potential CKD biomarker in children, further studies are needed in a larger group of patients. MDPI 2019-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6769502/ /pubmed/31540400 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090409 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Maciejczyk, Mateusz Szulimowska, Julita Taranta-Janusz, Katarzyna Werbel, Katarzyna Wasilewska, Anna Zalewska, Anna Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children |
title | Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children |
title_full | Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children |
title_fullStr | Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children |
title_full_unstemmed | Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children |
title_short | Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children |
title_sort | salivary frap as a marker of chronic kidney disease progression in children |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6769502/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31540400 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090409 |
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