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Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common modern-age diseases in children. Kidney failure does not reveal any symptoms for a long time; therefore, new biomarkers are sought, preferably those reflecting an early stage of CKD. The aim of our study was to evaluate total antioxidant potenti...

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Autores principales: Maciejczyk, Mateusz, Szulimowska, Julita, Taranta-Janusz, Katarzyna, Werbel, Katarzyna, Wasilewska, Anna, Zalewska, Anna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6769502/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31540400
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090409
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author Maciejczyk, Mateusz
Szulimowska, Julita
Taranta-Janusz, Katarzyna
Werbel, Katarzyna
Wasilewska, Anna
Zalewska, Anna
author_facet Maciejczyk, Mateusz
Szulimowska, Julita
Taranta-Janusz, Katarzyna
Werbel, Katarzyna
Wasilewska, Anna
Zalewska, Anna
author_sort Maciejczyk, Mateusz
collection PubMed
description Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common modern-age diseases in children. Kidney failure does not reveal any symptoms for a long time; therefore, new biomarkers are sought, preferably those reflecting an early stage of CKD. The aim of our study was to evaluate total antioxidant potential as a biomarker differentiating the degree of CKD advancement. The study included 30 children with CKD and a control group matched by age and gender. Non-stimulated saliva (NWS), stimulated saliva (SWS), plasma and urine were used as study material. Total antioxidant potential was determined spectrophotometrically using the FRAP method (ferric ion reducing antioxidant parameter) by measuring total FRAP and uric acid (UA)-independent FRAP (FRAP-UA). We demonstrated that total FRAP, FRAP-UA and UA were significantly higher in stimulated saliva, as well as urine of CKD patients compared to the controls. These biomarkers increase with the progression of chronic kidney disease and their concentration in SWS reflects their content in urine. Interestingly, salivary FRAP and uric acid clearly differentiate between various stages of CKD as well as between healthy and ill children. Special attention should be paid to total FRAP which—measured in SWS—distinguishes patients with mildly to moderately decreased kidney function from those with severe renal impairment (AUC = 1, sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 100%). Although salivary FRAP may be a potential CKD biomarker in children, further studies are needed in a larger group of patients.
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spelling pubmed-67695022019-10-30 Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children Maciejczyk, Mateusz Szulimowska, Julita Taranta-Janusz, Katarzyna Werbel, Katarzyna Wasilewska, Anna Zalewska, Anna Antioxidants (Basel) Article Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common modern-age diseases in children. Kidney failure does not reveal any symptoms for a long time; therefore, new biomarkers are sought, preferably those reflecting an early stage of CKD. The aim of our study was to evaluate total antioxidant potential as a biomarker differentiating the degree of CKD advancement. The study included 30 children with CKD and a control group matched by age and gender. Non-stimulated saliva (NWS), stimulated saliva (SWS), plasma and urine were used as study material. Total antioxidant potential was determined spectrophotometrically using the FRAP method (ferric ion reducing antioxidant parameter) by measuring total FRAP and uric acid (UA)-independent FRAP (FRAP-UA). We demonstrated that total FRAP, FRAP-UA and UA were significantly higher in stimulated saliva, as well as urine of CKD patients compared to the controls. These biomarkers increase with the progression of chronic kidney disease and their concentration in SWS reflects their content in urine. Interestingly, salivary FRAP and uric acid clearly differentiate between various stages of CKD as well as between healthy and ill children. Special attention should be paid to total FRAP which—measured in SWS—distinguishes patients with mildly to moderately decreased kidney function from those with severe renal impairment (AUC = 1, sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 100%). Although salivary FRAP may be a potential CKD biomarker in children, further studies are needed in a larger group of patients. MDPI 2019-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6769502/ /pubmed/31540400 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090409 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Maciejczyk, Mateusz
Szulimowska, Julita
Taranta-Janusz, Katarzyna
Werbel, Katarzyna
Wasilewska, Anna
Zalewska, Anna
Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children
title Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children
title_full Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children
title_fullStr Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children
title_full_unstemmed Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children
title_short Salivary FRAP as A Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children
title_sort salivary frap as a marker of chronic kidney disease progression in children
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6769502/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31540400
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090409
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