Vimentin Phosphorylation Is Required for Normal Cell Division of Immature Astrocytes

Vimentin (VIM) is an intermediate filament (nanofilament) protein expressed in multiple cell types, including astrocytes. Mice with VIM mutations of serine sites phosphorylated during mitosis (VIM(SA/SA)) show cytokinetic failure in fibroblasts and lens epithelial cells, chromosomal instability, facilitated cell senescence, and increased neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Here we report that in vitro immature VIM(SA/SA) astrocytes exhibit cytokinetic failure and contain vimentin accumulations that co-localize with mitochondria. This phenotype is transient and disappears with VIM(SA/SA) astrocyte maturation and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); it is also alleviated by the inhibition of cell proliferation. To test the hypothesis that GFAP compensates for the effect of VIM(SA/SA) in astrocytes, we crossed the VIM(SA/SA) and GFAP(−/−) mice. Surprisingly, the fraction of VIM(SA/SA) immature astrocytes with abundant vimentin accumulations was reduced when on GFAP(−/−) background. This indicates that the disappearance of vimentin accumulations and cytokinetic failure in mature astrocyte cultures are independent of GFAP expression. Both VIM(SA/SA) and VIM(SA/SA)GFAP(−/−) astrocytes showed normal mitochondrial membrane potential and vulnerability to H(2)O(2), oxygen/glucose deprivation, and chemical ischemia. Thus, mutation of mitotic phosphorylation sites in vimentin triggers formation of vimentin accumulations and cytokinetic failure in immature astrocytes without altering their vulnerability to oxidative stress.