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Osteopontin-Enhanced Autophagy Attenuates Early Brain Injury via FAK–ERK Pathway and Improves Long-Term Outcome after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats
Osteopontin (OPN) enhances autophagy, reduces apoptosis, and attenuates early brain injury (EBI) after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A total of 87 Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to sham or SAH operations to further investigate the signaling pathway involved in osteopontin-enhanced autophagy d...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6769958/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31461955 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8090980 |
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author | Sun, Chengmei Enkhjargal, Budbazar Reis, Cesar Zhang, Tongyu Zhu, Qiquan Zhou, Keren Xie, Zhiyi Wu, Lingyun Tang, Jiping Jiang, Xiaodan Zhang, John H. |
author_facet | Sun, Chengmei Enkhjargal, Budbazar Reis, Cesar Zhang, Tongyu Zhu, Qiquan Zhou, Keren Xie, Zhiyi Wu, Lingyun Tang, Jiping Jiang, Xiaodan Zhang, John H. |
author_sort | Sun, Chengmei |
collection | PubMed |
description | Osteopontin (OPN) enhances autophagy, reduces apoptosis, and attenuates early brain injury (EBI) after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A total of 87 Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to sham or SAH operations to further investigate the signaling pathway involved in osteopontin-enhanced autophagy during EBI, and the potential effect of recombinant OPN (rOPN) administration to improve long-term outcomes after SAH. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham, SAH + Vehicle (PBS, phosphate-buffered saline), SAH + rOPN (5 μg/rat recombinant OPN), SAH + rOPN + Fib-14 (30 mg/kg of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor-14), and SAH + rOPN + DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). Short-term and long-term neurobehavior tests were performed, followed by a collection of brain samples for assessment of autophagy markers in neurons, pathway proteins expression, and delayed hippocampal injury. Western blot, double immunofluorescence staining, Nissl staining, and Fluoro-Jade C staining assay were used. Results showed that rOPN administration increased autophagy in neurons and improved neurobehavior in a rat model of SAH. With the administration of FAK inhibitor-14 (Fib-14), neurobehavioral improvement and autophagy enhancement induced by rOPN were abolished, and there were consistent changes in the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2. In addition, early administration of rOPN in rat SAH models improved long-term neurobehavior results, possibly by alleviating hippocampal injury. These results suggest that FAK–ERK signaling may be involved in OPN-enhanced autophagy in the EBI phase after SAH. Early administration of rOPN may be a preventive and therapeutic strategy against delayed brain injury after SAH. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6769958 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67699582019-10-30 Osteopontin-Enhanced Autophagy Attenuates Early Brain Injury via FAK–ERK Pathway and Improves Long-Term Outcome after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats Sun, Chengmei Enkhjargal, Budbazar Reis, Cesar Zhang, Tongyu Zhu, Qiquan Zhou, Keren Xie, Zhiyi Wu, Lingyun Tang, Jiping Jiang, Xiaodan Zhang, John H. Cells Article Osteopontin (OPN) enhances autophagy, reduces apoptosis, and attenuates early brain injury (EBI) after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A total of 87 Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to sham or SAH operations to further investigate the signaling pathway involved in osteopontin-enhanced autophagy during EBI, and the potential effect of recombinant OPN (rOPN) administration to improve long-term outcomes after SAH. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham, SAH + Vehicle (PBS, phosphate-buffered saline), SAH + rOPN (5 μg/rat recombinant OPN), SAH + rOPN + Fib-14 (30 mg/kg of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor-14), and SAH + rOPN + DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). Short-term and long-term neurobehavior tests were performed, followed by a collection of brain samples for assessment of autophagy markers in neurons, pathway proteins expression, and delayed hippocampal injury. Western blot, double immunofluorescence staining, Nissl staining, and Fluoro-Jade C staining assay were used. Results showed that rOPN administration increased autophagy in neurons and improved neurobehavior in a rat model of SAH. With the administration of FAK inhibitor-14 (Fib-14), neurobehavioral improvement and autophagy enhancement induced by rOPN were abolished, and there were consistent changes in the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2. In addition, early administration of rOPN in rat SAH models improved long-term neurobehavior results, possibly by alleviating hippocampal injury. These results suggest that FAK–ERK signaling may be involved in OPN-enhanced autophagy in the EBI phase after SAH. Early administration of rOPN may be a preventive and therapeutic strategy against delayed brain injury after SAH. MDPI 2019-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6769958/ /pubmed/31461955 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8090980 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Sun, Chengmei Enkhjargal, Budbazar Reis, Cesar Zhang, Tongyu Zhu, Qiquan Zhou, Keren Xie, Zhiyi Wu, Lingyun Tang, Jiping Jiang, Xiaodan Zhang, John H. Osteopontin-Enhanced Autophagy Attenuates Early Brain Injury via FAK–ERK Pathway and Improves Long-Term Outcome after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats |
title | Osteopontin-Enhanced Autophagy Attenuates Early Brain Injury via FAK–ERK Pathway and Improves Long-Term Outcome after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats |
title_full | Osteopontin-Enhanced Autophagy Attenuates Early Brain Injury via FAK–ERK Pathway and Improves Long-Term Outcome after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats |
title_fullStr | Osteopontin-Enhanced Autophagy Attenuates Early Brain Injury via FAK–ERK Pathway and Improves Long-Term Outcome after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Osteopontin-Enhanced Autophagy Attenuates Early Brain Injury via FAK–ERK Pathway and Improves Long-Term Outcome after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats |
title_short | Osteopontin-Enhanced Autophagy Attenuates Early Brain Injury via FAK–ERK Pathway and Improves Long-Term Outcome after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats |
title_sort | osteopontin-enhanced autophagy attenuates early brain injury via fak–erk pathway and improves long-term outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6769958/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31461955 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8090980 |
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