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Alcohol or Gut Microbiota: Who Is the Guilty?

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a disorder caused by excessive alcohol intake represents a global health care burden. ALD encompasses a broad spectrum of hepatic injuries including asymptomatic steatosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The su...

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Autores principales: Meroni, Marica, Longo, Miriam, Dongiovanni, Paola
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770333/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31540133
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184568
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author Meroni, Marica
Longo, Miriam
Dongiovanni, Paola
author_facet Meroni, Marica
Longo, Miriam
Dongiovanni, Paola
author_sort Meroni, Marica
collection PubMed
description Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a disorder caused by excessive alcohol intake represents a global health care burden. ALD encompasses a broad spectrum of hepatic injuries including asymptomatic steatosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The susceptibility of alcoholic patients to develop ALD is highly variable and its progression to more advanced stages is strongly influenced by several hits (i.e., amount and duration of alcohol abuse). Among them, the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites have been recently identified as paramount in ALD pathophysiology. Ethanol abuse triggers qualitative and quantitative modifications in intestinal flora taxonomic composition, mucosal inflammation, and intestinal barrier derangement. Intestinal hypermeability results in the translocation of viable pathogenic bacteria, Gram-negative microbial products, and pro-inflammatory luminal metabolites into the bloodstream, further corroborating the alcohol-induced liver damage. Thus, the premise of this review is to discuss the beneficial effect of gut microbiota modulation as a novel therapeutic approach in ALD management.
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spelling pubmed-67703332019-10-30 Alcohol or Gut Microbiota: Who Is the Guilty? Meroni, Marica Longo, Miriam Dongiovanni, Paola Int J Mol Sci Review Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a disorder caused by excessive alcohol intake represents a global health care burden. ALD encompasses a broad spectrum of hepatic injuries including asymptomatic steatosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The susceptibility of alcoholic patients to develop ALD is highly variable and its progression to more advanced stages is strongly influenced by several hits (i.e., amount and duration of alcohol abuse). Among them, the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites have been recently identified as paramount in ALD pathophysiology. Ethanol abuse triggers qualitative and quantitative modifications in intestinal flora taxonomic composition, mucosal inflammation, and intestinal barrier derangement. Intestinal hypermeability results in the translocation of viable pathogenic bacteria, Gram-negative microbial products, and pro-inflammatory luminal metabolites into the bloodstream, further corroborating the alcohol-induced liver damage. Thus, the premise of this review is to discuss the beneficial effect of gut microbiota modulation as a novel therapeutic approach in ALD management. MDPI 2019-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6770333/ /pubmed/31540133 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184568 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Meroni, Marica
Longo, Miriam
Dongiovanni, Paola
Alcohol or Gut Microbiota: Who Is the Guilty?
title Alcohol or Gut Microbiota: Who Is the Guilty?
title_full Alcohol or Gut Microbiota: Who Is the Guilty?
title_fullStr Alcohol or Gut Microbiota: Who Is the Guilty?
title_full_unstemmed Alcohol or Gut Microbiota: Who Is the Guilty?
title_short Alcohol or Gut Microbiota: Who Is the Guilty?
title_sort alcohol or gut microbiota: who is the guilty?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770333/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31540133
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184568
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AT dongiovannipaola alcoholorgutmicrobiotawhoistheguilty