Templated chemistry for bioorganic synthesis and chemical biology

In light of the 2018 Max Bergmann Medal, this review discusses advancements on chemical biology–driven templated chemistry developed in the author's laboratories. The focused review introduces the template categories applied to orient functional units such as functional groups, chromophores, biomolecules, or ligands in space. Unimolecular templates applied in protein synthesis facilitate fragment coupling of unprotected peptides. Templating via bimolecular assemblies provides control over proximity relationships between functional units of two molecules. As an instructive example, the coiled coil peptide–templated labelling of receptor proteins on live cells will be shown. Termolecular assemblies provide the opportunity to put the proximity of functional units on two (bio)molecules under the control of a third party molecule. This allows the design of conditional bimolecular reactions. A notable example is DNA/RNA–triggered peptide synthesis. The last section shows how termolecular and multimolecular assemblies can be used to better characterize and understand multivalent protein‐ligand interactions.