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Identification of metabolomic changes in horse plasma after racing by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as a strategy for doping testing
Recently, the illegal use of novel technologies, such as gene and cell therapies, has become a great concern for the horseracing industry. As a potential way to control this, metabolomics approaches that comprehensively analyze metabolites in biological samples have been gaining attention. However,...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Japanese Society of Equine Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773618/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31592223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.55 |
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author | UEDA, Toshiki TOZAKI, Teruaki NOZAWA, Satoshi KINOSHITA, Kenji GAWAHARA, Hitoshi |
author_facet | UEDA, Toshiki TOZAKI, Teruaki NOZAWA, Satoshi KINOSHITA, Kenji GAWAHARA, Hitoshi |
author_sort | UEDA, Toshiki |
collection | PubMed |
description | Recently, the illegal use of novel technologies, such as gene and cell therapies, has become a great concern for the horseracing industry. As a potential way to control this, metabolomics approaches that comprehensively analyze metabolites in biological samples have been gaining attention. However, it may be difficult to identify metabolic biomarkers for doping because physiological conditions generally differ between resting and exercise states in horses. To understand the metabolic differences in horse plasma between the resting state at training centres and the sample collection stage after racing for doping test (SAD), we took plasma samples from these two stages (n=30 for each stage) and compared the metabolites present in these samples by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. This analysis identified 5,010 peaks, of which 1,256 peaks (approximately 25%) were annotated using KEGG analysis. Principal component analysis showed that the resting state and SAD groups had entirely different metabolite compositions. In particular, the levels of inosine, xanthosine, uric acid, and allantoin, which are induced by extensive exercise, were significantly increased in the SAD group. In addition, many metabolites not affected by extensive exercise were also identified. These results will contribute to the discovery of biomarkers for detecting doping substances that cannot be detected by conventional methods. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6773618 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | The Japanese Society of Equine Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67736182019-10-07 Identification of metabolomic changes in horse plasma after racing by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as a strategy for doping testing UEDA, Toshiki TOZAKI, Teruaki NOZAWA, Satoshi KINOSHITA, Kenji GAWAHARA, Hitoshi J Equine Sci Full Paper Recently, the illegal use of novel technologies, such as gene and cell therapies, has become a great concern for the horseracing industry. As a potential way to control this, metabolomics approaches that comprehensively analyze metabolites in biological samples have been gaining attention. However, it may be difficult to identify metabolic biomarkers for doping because physiological conditions generally differ between resting and exercise states in horses. To understand the metabolic differences in horse plasma between the resting state at training centres and the sample collection stage after racing for doping test (SAD), we took plasma samples from these two stages (n=30 for each stage) and compared the metabolites present in these samples by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. This analysis identified 5,010 peaks, of which 1,256 peaks (approximately 25%) were annotated using KEGG analysis. Principal component analysis showed that the resting state and SAD groups had entirely different metabolite compositions. In particular, the levels of inosine, xanthosine, uric acid, and allantoin, which are induced by extensive exercise, were significantly increased in the SAD group. In addition, many metabolites not affected by extensive exercise were also identified. These results will contribute to the discovery of biomarkers for detecting doping substances that cannot be detected by conventional methods. The Japanese Society of Equine Science 2019-10-02 2019-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6773618/ /pubmed/31592223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.55 Text en ©2019 The Japanese Society of Equine Science This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
spellingShingle | Full Paper UEDA, Toshiki TOZAKI, Teruaki NOZAWA, Satoshi KINOSHITA, Kenji GAWAHARA, Hitoshi Identification of metabolomic changes in horse plasma after racing by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as a strategy for doping testing |
title | Identification of metabolomic changes in horse plasma after racing by liquid
chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as a strategy for doping
testing |
title_full | Identification of metabolomic changes in horse plasma after racing by liquid
chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as a strategy for doping
testing |
title_fullStr | Identification of metabolomic changes in horse plasma after racing by liquid
chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as a strategy for doping
testing |
title_full_unstemmed | Identification of metabolomic changes in horse plasma after racing by liquid
chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as a strategy for doping
testing |
title_short | Identification of metabolomic changes in horse plasma after racing by liquid
chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as a strategy for doping
testing |
title_sort | identification of metabolomic changes in horse plasma after racing by liquid
chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as a strategy for doping
testing |
topic | Full Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773618/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31592223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.55 |
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