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Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Despite the availability of an effective prophylactic vaccine leading to sterilizing immunity, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for chronic liver disease in more than 250 million individuals, potentially leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Antiviral drugs able to completely supp...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773823/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31608071 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02290 |
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author | Cerino, Antonella Mantovani, Stefania Mele, Dalila Oliviero, Barbara Varchetta, Stefania Mondelli, Mario U. |
author_facet | Cerino, Antonella Mantovani, Stefania Mele, Dalila Oliviero, Barbara Varchetta, Stefania Mondelli, Mario U. |
author_sort | Cerino, Antonella |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite the availability of an effective prophylactic vaccine leading to sterilizing immunity, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for chronic liver disease in more than 250 million individuals, potentially leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Antiviral drugs able to completely suppress virus replication are indeed available but they are, by and large, unable to eradicate the virus. Several alternative new treatment approaches are currently being developed but none have so far captured the interest of clinicians for possible clinical development. A constant feature of chronic HBV infection is T-cell exhaustion resulting from persistent exposure to high antigen concentrations as shown by the high expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) by HBV-specific CD8 T cells. One way of tackling this problem is to develop HBV-specific neutralizing antibodies that would clear excess envelope proteins from the circulation, allowing for nucleos(t)ide analogs or other antiviral drugs now in preclinical and early clinical development to take advantage of a reconstituted adaptive immunity. Several fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been developed from HBV-vaccinated and subjects convalescent from acute hepatitis B that show different properties and specificities. It is envisaged that such neutralizing mAb may be used as adjuvant treatment to reduce viral protein load, thus rescuing adaptive immunity in an effort to optimize the effect of antiviral drugs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6773823 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67738232019-10-13 Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Cerino, Antonella Mantovani, Stefania Mele, Dalila Oliviero, Barbara Varchetta, Stefania Mondelli, Mario U. Front Immunol Immunology Despite the availability of an effective prophylactic vaccine leading to sterilizing immunity, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for chronic liver disease in more than 250 million individuals, potentially leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Antiviral drugs able to completely suppress virus replication are indeed available but they are, by and large, unable to eradicate the virus. Several alternative new treatment approaches are currently being developed but none have so far captured the interest of clinicians for possible clinical development. A constant feature of chronic HBV infection is T-cell exhaustion resulting from persistent exposure to high antigen concentrations as shown by the high expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) by HBV-specific CD8 T cells. One way of tackling this problem is to develop HBV-specific neutralizing antibodies that would clear excess envelope proteins from the circulation, allowing for nucleos(t)ide analogs or other antiviral drugs now in preclinical and early clinical development to take advantage of a reconstituted adaptive immunity. Several fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been developed from HBV-vaccinated and subjects convalescent from acute hepatitis B that show different properties and specificities. It is envisaged that such neutralizing mAb may be used as adjuvant treatment to reduce viral protein load, thus rescuing adaptive immunity in an effort to optimize the effect of antiviral drugs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-09-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6773823/ /pubmed/31608071 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02290 Text en Copyright © 2019 Cerino, Mantovani, Mele, Oliviero, Varchetta and Mondelli. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Cerino, Antonella Mantovani, Stefania Mele, Dalila Oliviero, Barbara Varchetta, Stefania Mondelli, Mario U. Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection |
title | Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection |
title_full | Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection |
title_fullStr | Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection |
title_short | Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection |
title_sort | human monoclonal antibodies as adjuvant treatment of chronic hepatitis b virus infection |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773823/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31608071 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02290 |
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