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Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Despite the availability of an effective prophylactic vaccine leading to sterilizing immunity, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for chronic liver disease in more than 250 million individuals, potentially leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Antiviral drugs able to completely supp...

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Autores principales: Cerino, Antonella, Mantovani, Stefania, Mele, Dalila, Oliviero, Barbara, Varchetta, Stefania, Mondelli, Mario U.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773823/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31608071
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02290
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author Cerino, Antonella
Mantovani, Stefania
Mele, Dalila
Oliviero, Barbara
Varchetta, Stefania
Mondelli, Mario U.
author_facet Cerino, Antonella
Mantovani, Stefania
Mele, Dalila
Oliviero, Barbara
Varchetta, Stefania
Mondelli, Mario U.
author_sort Cerino, Antonella
collection PubMed
description Despite the availability of an effective prophylactic vaccine leading to sterilizing immunity, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for chronic liver disease in more than 250 million individuals, potentially leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Antiviral drugs able to completely suppress virus replication are indeed available but they are, by and large, unable to eradicate the virus. Several alternative new treatment approaches are currently being developed but none have so far captured the interest of clinicians for possible clinical development. A constant feature of chronic HBV infection is T-cell exhaustion resulting from persistent exposure to high antigen concentrations as shown by the high expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) by HBV-specific CD8 T cells. One way of tackling this problem is to develop HBV-specific neutralizing antibodies that would clear excess envelope proteins from the circulation, allowing for nucleos(t)ide analogs or other antiviral drugs now in preclinical and early clinical development to take advantage of a reconstituted adaptive immunity. Several fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been developed from HBV-vaccinated and subjects convalescent from acute hepatitis B that show different properties and specificities. It is envisaged that such neutralizing mAb may be used as adjuvant treatment to reduce viral protein load, thus rescuing adaptive immunity in an effort to optimize the effect of antiviral drugs.
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spelling pubmed-67738232019-10-13 Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Cerino, Antonella Mantovani, Stefania Mele, Dalila Oliviero, Barbara Varchetta, Stefania Mondelli, Mario U. Front Immunol Immunology Despite the availability of an effective prophylactic vaccine leading to sterilizing immunity, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for chronic liver disease in more than 250 million individuals, potentially leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Antiviral drugs able to completely suppress virus replication are indeed available but they are, by and large, unable to eradicate the virus. Several alternative new treatment approaches are currently being developed but none have so far captured the interest of clinicians for possible clinical development. A constant feature of chronic HBV infection is T-cell exhaustion resulting from persistent exposure to high antigen concentrations as shown by the high expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) by HBV-specific CD8 T cells. One way of tackling this problem is to develop HBV-specific neutralizing antibodies that would clear excess envelope proteins from the circulation, allowing for nucleos(t)ide analogs or other antiviral drugs now in preclinical and early clinical development to take advantage of a reconstituted adaptive immunity. Several fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been developed from HBV-vaccinated and subjects convalescent from acute hepatitis B that show different properties and specificities. It is envisaged that such neutralizing mAb may be used as adjuvant treatment to reduce viral protein load, thus rescuing adaptive immunity in an effort to optimize the effect of antiviral drugs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-09-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6773823/ /pubmed/31608071 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02290 Text en Copyright © 2019 Cerino, Mantovani, Mele, Oliviero, Varchetta and Mondelli. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Cerino, Antonella
Mantovani, Stefania
Mele, Dalila
Oliviero, Barbara
Varchetta, Stefania
Mondelli, Mario U.
Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
title Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
title_full Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
title_fullStr Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
title_full_unstemmed Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
title_short Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
title_sort human monoclonal antibodies as adjuvant treatment of chronic hepatitis b virus infection
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773823/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31608071
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02290
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