Noninvasive Ventilation and Oxygen Therapy after Extubation in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

BACKGROUND: Role of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) following extubation in patients with acute respiratory failure is debatable. NIV may provide benefit in post surgical patients, but its role in nonsurgical patients is controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched (from 1946 to 20(th) November 2017) to identify prospective randomized controlled trials, where postextubation NIV has been compared with standard oxygen therapy in adult patients with acute respiratory failure. RESULTS: Data of 1525 patients from 11 randomized trials have been included in this meta-analysis. Two trials used NIV to manage post-extubation respiratory failure. Pooled analysis found that mortality rate at longest available follow-up [OR (95% CI) 0.84 (0.50, 1.42); p = 0.52] and reintubation rate [OR (95% CI) 0.75 (0.51, 1.09); p = 0.13] were similar between NIV and standard oxygen therapy. NIV did not decrease intubation rate when used as preventive modality [OR (95% CI) 0.65 (0.40, 1.06); p = 0.08]. Duration of ICU stay was also similar in the two groups [MD (95% CI) 0.46 (-0.43, 1.36) days; p = 0.3] CONCLUSION: Post extubation NIV in non- surgical patients with acute respiratory failure does not provide any benefit over conventional oxygen therapy. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Maitra S, Bhattacharjee S, Som A. Noninvasive Ventilation and Oxygen Therapy after Extubation in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019;23(9):414–422.