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Effectiveness of Different Techniques of Ethyl Chloride Spray for Venepuncture-Induced Pain: A Randomised Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Venepuncture is an essential component of anaesthesia services. However, this invites pain generating the first negative experience with anaesthesia. Hence, relief of this pain carries considerable importance. Efficacy of ethyl chloride spray although studied, there is no consensus for t...

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Autores principales: Rao, Parnandi Bhaskar, Mohanty, Chitta Ranjan, Singh, Neha, Mund, Manisha, Patel, Anamika, Sahoo, Alok Kumar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6775824/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31602079
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aer.AER_103_19
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author Rao, Parnandi Bhaskar
Mohanty, Chitta Ranjan
Singh, Neha
Mund, Manisha
Patel, Anamika
Sahoo, Alok Kumar
author_facet Rao, Parnandi Bhaskar
Mohanty, Chitta Ranjan
Singh, Neha
Mund, Manisha
Patel, Anamika
Sahoo, Alok Kumar
author_sort Rao, Parnandi Bhaskar
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Venepuncture is an essential component of anaesthesia services. However, this invites pain generating the first negative experience with anaesthesia. Hence, relief of this pain carries considerable importance. Efficacy of ethyl chloride spray although studied, there is no consensus for the best way of application. OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to find an effective technique/method of ethyl chloride spray application to reduce venepuncture pain. METHODS: Adult patients posted for different anaesthesia procedures were randomised into three groups. Venepuncture was done either after installation of distilled water or spray of ethyl chloride either once to twice. Venepuncture pain was assessed with a 0-100 Numeric Rating Scale. RESULTS: The analysis showed significant differences among the groups (F [2,96] = 66.27, P < 0.05). The twice sprayed group experienced the least pain ([mean ± standard deviation [SD]] 16.67 ± 10.21), lower in the once spray group ([mean ± SD] 27.58 ± 13.24), and the controls had the highest pain score ([mean ± SD] 49.09 ± 11.28). Post hoc Tukey's tests showed all the three groups differed significantly. The effect size was large, and the variability of the spray on the reduction of pain scores is 58% (η(2) = 57.99). CONCLUSION: Ethyl chloride spray effectively reduces the pain on venepuncture, especially when the vapocoolant is sprayed twice each over 5 s, and from a distance of 5 cm perpendicular to the skin.
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spelling pubmed-67758242019-10-10 Effectiveness of Different Techniques of Ethyl Chloride Spray for Venepuncture-Induced Pain: A Randomised Controlled Trial Rao, Parnandi Bhaskar Mohanty, Chitta Ranjan Singh, Neha Mund, Manisha Patel, Anamika Sahoo, Alok Kumar Anesth Essays Res Original Article BACKGROUND: Venepuncture is an essential component of anaesthesia services. However, this invites pain generating the first negative experience with anaesthesia. Hence, relief of this pain carries considerable importance. Efficacy of ethyl chloride spray although studied, there is no consensus for the best way of application. OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to find an effective technique/method of ethyl chloride spray application to reduce venepuncture pain. METHODS: Adult patients posted for different anaesthesia procedures were randomised into three groups. Venepuncture was done either after installation of distilled water or spray of ethyl chloride either once to twice. Venepuncture pain was assessed with a 0-100 Numeric Rating Scale. RESULTS: The analysis showed significant differences among the groups (F [2,96] = 66.27, P < 0.05). The twice sprayed group experienced the least pain ([mean ± standard deviation [SD]] 16.67 ± 10.21), lower in the once spray group ([mean ± SD] 27.58 ± 13.24), and the controls had the highest pain score ([mean ± SD] 49.09 ± 11.28). Post hoc Tukey's tests showed all the three groups differed significantly. The effect size was large, and the variability of the spray on the reduction of pain scores is 58% (η(2) = 57.99). CONCLUSION: Ethyl chloride spray effectively reduces the pain on venepuncture, especially when the vapocoolant is sprayed twice each over 5 s, and from a distance of 5 cm perpendicular to the skin. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2019 /pmc/articles/PMC6775824/ /pubmed/31602079 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aer.AER_103_19 Text en Copyright: © 2019 Anesthesia: Essays and Researches http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Rao, Parnandi Bhaskar
Mohanty, Chitta Ranjan
Singh, Neha
Mund, Manisha
Patel, Anamika
Sahoo, Alok Kumar
Effectiveness of Different Techniques of Ethyl Chloride Spray for Venepuncture-Induced Pain: A Randomised Controlled Trial
title Effectiveness of Different Techniques of Ethyl Chloride Spray for Venepuncture-Induced Pain: A Randomised Controlled Trial
title_full Effectiveness of Different Techniques of Ethyl Chloride Spray for Venepuncture-Induced Pain: A Randomised Controlled Trial
title_fullStr Effectiveness of Different Techniques of Ethyl Chloride Spray for Venepuncture-Induced Pain: A Randomised Controlled Trial
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of Different Techniques of Ethyl Chloride Spray for Venepuncture-Induced Pain: A Randomised Controlled Trial
title_short Effectiveness of Different Techniques of Ethyl Chloride Spray for Venepuncture-Induced Pain: A Randomised Controlled Trial
title_sort effectiveness of different techniques of ethyl chloride spray for venepuncture-induced pain: a randomised controlled trial
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6775824/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31602079
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aer.AER_103_19
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