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Alkali Hydrolysis of Sulfated Cellulose Nanocrystals: Optimization of Reaction Conditions and Tailored Surface Charge
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a biorenewable resource, which may be chemically modified to impart specific properties. Modified CNCs have found use in imaging applications, as rheology modifiers, polymer reinforcements, barrier and/or optical films, and nanocomposites. Nanoparticle dimensions of...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6780348/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31480286 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091232 |
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author | Jordan, Jacobs H. Easson, Michael W. Condon, Brian D. |
author_facet | Jordan, Jacobs H. Easson, Michael W. Condon, Brian D. |
author_sort | Jordan, Jacobs H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a biorenewable resource, which may be chemically modified to impart specific properties. Modified CNCs have found use in imaging applications, as rheology modifiers, polymer reinforcements, barrier and/or optical films, and nanocomposites. Nanoparticle dimensions of CNCs are typically 5–10 nm in width, with lengths of <100–300 nm. However, the physical properties are dependent upon the number and nature of the surface charge groups imparted during preparation. In the case of CNCs produced from sulfuric acid hydrolysis, the sulfated surface groups may be partially removed prior to further functionalization. This gives more available hydroxyls yet renders the CNCs less colloidally stable. Furthermore, conditions vary significantly and there is no consensus about the optimal conditions for partial removal of sulfate functionality or conditions developed to give specific surface charge. In the following, alkali hydrolysis of sulfate half-esters was quantified by conductometric titration of the strong acid groups, and using a design of experiments (DOE), optimal conditions were determined to produce CNCs with tailored surface charge. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6780348 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67803482019-10-30 Alkali Hydrolysis of Sulfated Cellulose Nanocrystals: Optimization of Reaction Conditions and Tailored Surface Charge Jordan, Jacobs H. Easson, Michael W. Condon, Brian D. Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a biorenewable resource, which may be chemically modified to impart specific properties. Modified CNCs have found use in imaging applications, as rheology modifiers, polymer reinforcements, barrier and/or optical films, and nanocomposites. Nanoparticle dimensions of CNCs are typically 5–10 nm in width, with lengths of <100–300 nm. However, the physical properties are dependent upon the number and nature of the surface charge groups imparted during preparation. In the case of CNCs produced from sulfuric acid hydrolysis, the sulfated surface groups may be partially removed prior to further functionalization. This gives more available hydroxyls yet renders the CNCs less colloidally stable. Furthermore, conditions vary significantly and there is no consensus about the optimal conditions for partial removal of sulfate functionality or conditions developed to give specific surface charge. In the following, alkali hydrolysis of sulfate half-esters was quantified by conductometric titration of the strong acid groups, and using a design of experiments (DOE), optimal conditions were determined to produce CNCs with tailored surface charge. MDPI 2019-08-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6780348/ /pubmed/31480286 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091232 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Jordan, Jacobs H. Easson, Michael W. Condon, Brian D. Alkali Hydrolysis of Sulfated Cellulose Nanocrystals: Optimization of Reaction Conditions and Tailored Surface Charge |
title | Alkali Hydrolysis of Sulfated Cellulose Nanocrystals: Optimization of Reaction Conditions and Tailored Surface Charge |
title_full | Alkali Hydrolysis of Sulfated Cellulose Nanocrystals: Optimization of Reaction Conditions and Tailored Surface Charge |
title_fullStr | Alkali Hydrolysis of Sulfated Cellulose Nanocrystals: Optimization of Reaction Conditions and Tailored Surface Charge |
title_full_unstemmed | Alkali Hydrolysis of Sulfated Cellulose Nanocrystals: Optimization of Reaction Conditions and Tailored Surface Charge |
title_short | Alkali Hydrolysis of Sulfated Cellulose Nanocrystals: Optimization of Reaction Conditions and Tailored Surface Charge |
title_sort | alkali hydrolysis of sulfated cellulose nanocrystals: optimization of reaction conditions and tailored surface charge |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6780348/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31480286 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091232 |
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