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Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. In stages III and IV of CKD, uremic toxins must be removed from the patient by absorption, through a treatment commonly called hemodialysis. Aiming to improve the absorption of uremic toxins, we have studied its absorption in chemica...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6781048/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31491904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091261 |
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author | Cabello-Alvarado, C. Andrade-Guel, M. Pérez-Alvarez, M. Cadenas-Pliego, G. Cortés-Hernández, Dora A. Bartolo-Pérez, P. Ávila-Orta, C.A. Cruz-Delgado, V.J. Zepeda-Pedreguera, A. |
author_facet | Cabello-Alvarado, C. Andrade-Guel, M. Pérez-Alvarez, M. Cadenas-Pliego, G. Cortés-Hernández, Dora A. Bartolo-Pérez, P. Ávila-Orta, C.A. Cruz-Delgado, V.J. Zepeda-Pedreguera, A. |
author_sort | Cabello-Alvarado, C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. In stages III and IV of CKD, uremic toxins must be removed from the patient by absorption, through a treatment commonly called hemodialysis. Aiming to improve the absorption of uremic toxins, we have studied its absorption in chemically modified graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). This study involved the reaction between GNPs and diamines with reaction times of 30, 45 and 60 min using ultrasound waves of different amplitudes and frequencies. Functionalized GNPs were analyzed by Fourier Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersitive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The analysis of the functional groups confirmed the presence of amide and hydroxyl groups on the surface of the GNPs by reactions of diamines with carboxylic acids and epoxides. Adsorption of uremic toxins was determined using equilibrium isotherms, where the maximum percentage of removal of uremic toxins was 97%. Dispersion of modified graphene nanoplatelets was evaluated in water, ethanol and hexane, as a result of this treatment was achieved a good and effective dispersion of diamines-modified graphene nanoplatelets in ethanol and hexane. Finally, the results of hemolysis assays of the modified graphene with amine demonstrated that it was not cytotoxic when using 500 mg/mL. The samples of modified graphene demonstrated low degree of hemolysis (<2%), so this material can be used for in vivo applications such as hemodialysis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6781048 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67810482019-10-30 Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins Cabello-Alvarado, C. Andrade-Guel, M. Pérez-Alvarez, M. Cadenas-Pliego, G. Cortés-Hernández, Dora A. Bartolo-Pérez, P. Ávila-Orta, C.A. Cruz-Delgado, V.J. Zepeda-Pedreguera, A. Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. In stages III and IV of CKD, uremic toxins must be removed from the patient by absorption, through a treatment commonly called hemodialysis. Aiming to improve the absorption of uremic toxins, we have studied its absorption in chemically modified graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). This study involved the reaction between GNPs and diamines with reaction times of 30, 45 and 60 min using ultrasound waves of different amplitudes and frequencies. Functionalized GNPs were analyzed by Fourier Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersitive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The analysis of the functional groups confirmed the presence of amide and hydroxyl groups on the surface of the GNPs by reactions of diamines with carboxylic acids and epoxides. Adsorption of uremic toxins was determined using equilibrium isotherms, where the maximum percentage of removal of uremic toxins was 97%. Dispersion of modified graphene nanoplatelets was evaluated in water, ethanol and hexane, as a result of this treatment was achieved a good and effective dispersion of diamines-modified graphene nanoplatelets in ethanol and hexane. Finally, the results of hemolysis assays of the modified graphene with amine demonstrated that it was not cytotoxic when using 500 mg/mL. The samples of modified graphene demonstrated low degree of hemolysis (<2%), so this material can be used for in vivo applications such as hemodialysis. MDPI 2019-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6781048/ /pubmed/31491904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091261 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Cabello-Alvarado, C. Andrade-Guel, M. Pérez-Alvarez, M. Cadenas-Pliego, G. Cortés-Hernández, Dora A. Bartolo-Pérez, P. Ávila-Orta, C.A. Cruz-Delgado, V.J. Zepeda-Pedreguera, A. Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins |
title | Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins |
title_full | Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins |
title_fullStr | Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins |
title_full_unstemmed | Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins |
title_short | Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins |
title_sort | graphene nanoplatelets modified with amino-groups by ultrasonic radiation of variable frequency for potential adsorption of uremic toxins |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6781048/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31491904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091261 |
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