N-acetyl cysteine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated synthesis of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells through nuclear factor-kappa B signaling

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated induction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) synthesis by human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells (hPDLFs). In addition, we aimed to determine the involvement of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in any changes in IL-1β and TNF-α expression observed in response to LPS and NAC. METHODS: HPDLFs were obtained by primary culture. The culture medium used in this experiment was Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM low-glucose). Cells were stimulated with various concentrations of NAC or LPS. Cell proliferation was measured at various time-points with the cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay. mRNA levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Protein levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein and mRNA expression levels of NF-κB were measured by western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: The results showed that LPS treatment in hPDLFs induced mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB. However, these effects were eliminated by pretreatment with NAC. Pretreatment with both NAC (1 mmol/L) and BAY11-7082 (10 μmol/L) significantly inhibited the NF-κB activity induced by LPS. CONCLUSION: NAC inhibits the LPS-mediated synthesis of tumor TNF-α and IL-1β in hPDLFs, through the NF-κB pathway.