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The Evolution of the KANADI Gene Family and Leaf Development in Lycophytes and Ferns

Leaves constitute the main photosynthetic plant organ and even though their importance is not debated, the origin and development of leaves still is. The leaf developmental network has been elucidated for angiosperms, from genes controlling leaf initiation, to leaf polarity and shape. There are four...

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Autores principales: Zumajo-Cardona, Cecilia, Vasco, Alejandra, Ambrose, Barbara A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6783990/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31480252
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8090313
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author Zumajo-Cardona, Cecilia
Vasco, Alejandra
Ambrose, Barbara A.
author_facet Zumajo-Cardona, Cecilia
Vasco, Alejandra
Ambrose, Barbara A.
author_sort Zumajo-Cardona, Cecilia
collection PubMed
description Leaves constitute the main photosynthetic plant organ and even though their importance is not debated, the origin and development of leaves still is. The leaf developmental network has been elucidated for angiosperms, from genes controlling leaf initiation, to leaf polarity and shape. There are four KANADI (KAN) paralogs in Arabidopsis thaliana needed for organ polarity with KAN1 and KAN2 specifying abaxial leaf identity. Yet, studies of this gene lineage outside angiosperms are required to better understand the evolutionary patterns of leaf development and the role of KAN homologs. We studied the evolution of KAN genes across vascular plants and their expression by in situ hybridization in the fern, Equisetum hyemale and the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. Our results show that the expression of KAN genes in leaves is similar between ferns and angiosperms. However, the expression patterns observed in the lycophyte S. moellendorffii are significantly different compared to all other vascular plants, suggesting that the KAN function in leaf polarity is likely only conserved across ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. This study indicates that mechanisms for leaf development are different in lycophytes compared to other vascular plants.
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spelling pubmed-67839902019-10-16 The Evolution of the KANADI Gene Family and Leaf Development in Lycophytes and Ferns Zumajo-Cardona, Cecilia Vasco, Alejandra Ambrose, Barbara A. Plants (Basel) Article Leaves constitute the main photosynthetic plant organ and even though their importance is not debated, the origin and development of leaves still is. The leaf developmental network has been elucidated for angiosperms, from genes controlling leaf initiation, to leaf polarity and shape. There are four KANADI (KAN) paralogs in Arabidopsis thaliana needed for organ polarity with KAN1 and KAN2 specifying abaxial leaf identity. Yet, studies of this gene lineage outside angiosperms are required to better understand the evolutionary patterns of leaf development and the role of KAN homologs. We studied the evolution of KAN genes across vascular plants and their expression by in situ hybridization in the fern, Equisetum hyemale and the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. Our results show that the expression of KAN genes in leaves is similar between ferns and angiosperms. However, the expression patterns observed in the lycophyte S. moellendorffii are significantly different compared to all other vascular plants, suggesting that the KAN function in leaf polarity is likely only conserved across ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. This study indicates that mechanisms for leaf development are different in lycophytes compared to other vascular plants. MDPI 2019-08-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6783990/ /pubmed/31480252 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8090313 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zumajo-Cardona, Cecilia
Vasco, Alejandra
Ambrose, Barbara A.
The Evolution of the KANADI Gene Family and Leaf Development in Lycophytes and Ferns
title The Evolution of the KANADI Gene Family and Leaf Development in Lycophytes and Ferns
title_full The Evolution of the KANADI Gene Family and Leaf Development in Lycophytes and Ferns
title_fullStr The Evolution of the KANADI Gene Family and Leaf Development in Lycophytes and Ferns
title_full_unstemmed The Evolution of the KANADI Gene Family and Leaf Development in Lycophytes and Ferns
title_short The Evolution of the KANADI Gene Family and Leaf Development in Lycophytes and Ferns
title_sort evolution of the kanadi gene family and leaf development in lycophytes and ferns
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6783990/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31480252
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8090313
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