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A Critical Review of Modern Concepts for Teeth Whitening

Besides prevention of caries and periodontitis, an increasing number of oral care products focus on teeth whitening. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss frequently used whitening agents and their efficacy from a chemical viewpoint. Therefore, a comprehensive literature survey on teeth...

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Autores principales: Epple, Matthias, Meyer, Frederic, Enax, Joachim
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6784469/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31374877
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj7030079
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author Epple, Matthias
Meyer, Frederic
Enax, Joachim
author_facet Epple, Matthias
Meyer, Frederic
Enax, Joachim
author_sort Epple, Matthias
collection PubMed
description Besides prevention of caries and periodontitis, an increasing number of oral care products focus on teeth whitening. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss frequently used whitening agents and their efficacy from a chemical viewpoint. Therefore, a comprehensive literature survey on teeth whitening agents and products was conducted. The current whitening methods are analyzed and discussed from a chemist’s viewpoint. Frequently used whitening agents are abrasives (mechanical removal of stains), antiredeposition agents (prevention of deposition of chromophores), colorants (intended to lead to a white color), proteases (degradation of proteins), peroxides (oxidation of organic chromophores), and surfactants (removal of hydrophobic compounds from tooth surface). In-office bleaching using peroxides is effective, but side effects like tooth sensitivity or a damage of the natural organic matrix of enamel and dentin may occur. The applicability of abrasives in teeth whitening is limited due to potential tooth wear, especially when toothpastes with high RDA values are used. The effect of other whitening agents in vivo is often unclear because of a shortage of placebo-controlled clinical trials.
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spelling pubmed-67844692019-10-16 A Critical Review of Modern Concepts for Teeth Whitening Epple, Matthias Meyer, Frederic Enax, Joachim Dent J (Basel) Review Besides prevention of caries and periodontitis, an increasing number of oral care products focus on teeth whitening. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss frequently used whitening agents and their efficacy from a chemical viewpoint. Therefore, a comprehensive literature survey on teeth whitening agents and products was conducted. The current whitening methods are analyzed and discussed from a chemist’s viewpoint. Frequently used whitening agents are abrasives (mechanical removal of stains), antiredeposition agents (prevention of deposition of chromophores), colorants (intended to lead to a white color), proteases (degradation of proteins), peroxides (oxidation of organic chromophores), and surfactants (removal of hydrophobic compounds from tooth surface). In-office bleaching using peroxides is effective, but side effects like tooth sensitivity or a damage of the natural organic matrix of enamel and dentin may occur. The applicability of abrasives in teeth whitening is limited due to potential tooth wear, especially when toothpastes with high RDA values are used. The effect of other whitening agents in vivo is often unclear because of a shortage of placebo-controlled clinical trials. MDPI 2019-08-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6784469/ /pubmed/31374877 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj7030079 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Epple, Matthias
Meyer, Frederic
Enax, Joachim
A Critical Review of Modern Concepts for Teeth Whitening
title A Critical Review of Modern Concepts for Teeth Whitening
title_full A Critical Review of Modern Concepts for Teeth Whitening
title_fullStr A Critical Review of Modern Concepts for Teeth Whitening
title_full_unstemmed A Critical Review of Modern Concepts for Teeth Whitening
title_short A Critical Review of Modern Concepts for Teeth Whitening
title_sort critical review of modern concepts for teeth whitening
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6784469/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31374877
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj7030079
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