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Evolution of ageing as a tangle of trade-offs: energy versus function
Despite tremendous progress in recent years, our understanding of the evolution of ageing is still incomplete. A dominant paradigm maintains that ageing evolves due to the competing energy demands of reproduction and somatic maintenance leading to slow accumulation of unrepaired cellular damage with...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6784717/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31530150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1604 |
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author | Maklakov, Alexei A. Chapman, Tracey |
author_facet | Maklakov, Alexei A. Chapman, Tracey |
author_sort | Maklakov, Alexei A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite tremendous progress in recent years, our understanding of the evolution of ageing is still incomplete. A dominant paradigm maintains that ageing evolves due to the competing energy demands of reproduction and somatic maintenance leading to slow accumulation of unrepaired cellular damage with age. However, the centrality of energy trade-offs in ageing has been increasingly challenged as studies in different organisms have uncoupled the trade-off between reproduction and longevity. An emerging theory is that ageing instead is caused by biological processes that are optimized for early-life function but become harmful when they continue to run-on unabated in late life. This idea builds on the realization that early-life regulation of gene expression can break down in late life because natural selection is too weak to optimize it. Empirical evidence increasingly supports the hypothesis that suboptimal gene expression in adulthood can result in physiological malfunction leading to organismal senescence. We argue that the current state of the art in the study of ageing contradicts the widely held view that energy trade-offs between growth, reproduction, and longevity are the universal underpinning of senescence. Future research should focus on understanding the relative contribution of energy and function trade-offs to the evolution and expression of ageing. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6784717 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | The Royal Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67847172019-10-14 Evolution of ageing as a tangle of trade-offs: energy versus function Maklakov, Alexei A. Chapman, Tracey Proc Biol Sci Review Articles Despite tremendous progress in recent years, our understanding of the evolution of ageing is still incomplete. A dominant paradigm maintains that ageing evolves due to the competing energy demands of reproduction and somatic maintenance leading to slow accumulation of unrepaired cellular damage with age. However, the centrality of energy trade-offs in ageing has been increasingly challenged as studies in different organisms have uncoupled the trade-off between reproduction and longevity. An emerging theory is that ageing instead is caused by biological processes that are optimized for early-life function but become harmful when they continue to run-on unabated in late life. This idea builds on the realization that early-life regulation of gene expression can break down in late life because natural selection is too weak to optimize it. Empirical evidence increasingly supports the hypothesis that suboptimal gene expression in adulthood can result in physiological malfunction leading to organismal senescence. We argue that the current state of the art in the study of ageing contradicts the widely held view that energy trade-offs between growth, reproduction, and longevity are the universal underpinning of senescence. Future research should focus on understanding the relative contribution of energy and function trade-offs to the evolution and expression of ageing. The Royal Society 2019-09-25 2019-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6784717/ /pubmed/31530150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1604 Text en © 2019 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Review Articles Maklakov, Alexei A. Chapman, Tracey Evolution of ageing as a tangle of trade-offs: energy versus function |
title | Evolution of ageing as a tangle of trade-offs: energy versus function |
title_full | Evolution of ageing as a tangle of trade-offs: energy versus function |
title_fullStr | Evolution of ageing as a tangle of trade-offs: energy versus function |
title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of ageing as a tangle of trade-offs: energy versus function |
title_short | Evolution of ageing as a tangle of trade-offs: energy versus function |
title_sort | evolution of ageing as a tangle of trade-offs: energy versus function |
topic | Review Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6784717/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31530150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1604 |
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