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Investigations of the Microvasculature of the Human Macula Utricle in Meniere’s Disease

The integrity and permeability of the blood labyrinthine barrier (BLB) in the inner ear is important to maintain adequate blood supply, and to control the passage of fluids, molecules and ions. Identifying the cellular and structural components of the BLB, the vascular endothelial cells (VECs), peri...

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Autores principales: Ishiyama, Gail, Lopez, Ivan A., Acuna, Dora, Ishiyama, Akira
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6787152/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31636542
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00445
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author Ishiyama, Gail
Lopez, Ivan A.
Acuna, Dora
Ishiyama, Akira
author_facet Ishiyama, Gail
Lopez, Ivan A.
Acuna, Dora
Ishiyama, Akira
author_sort Ishiyama, Gail
collection PubMed
description The integrity and permeability of the blood labyrinthine barrier (BLB) in the inner ear is important to maintain adequate blood supply, and to control the passage of fluids, molecules and ions. Identifying the cellular and structural components of the BLB, the vascular endothelial cells (VECs), pericytes, and the perivascular basement membrane, is critical to understand the pathophysiology of the inner ear microvasculature and to design efficient delivery of therapeutics across the BLB. A recent study of the normal and pathological ultrastructural changes in the human macula utricle microvasculature demonstrated that the VECs are damaged in Meniere’s disease (MD), and further studies identified oxidative stress markers (iNOS and nitrotyrosine) in the VECs. Using fluorescence microscopy, the microvasculature was studied in the macula utricle of patients diagnosed with MD that required transmastoid labyrinthectomy for intractable vertigo (n = 5), and patients who required a translabyrinthine approach for vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection (n = 3). Normal utricles (controls) were also included (n = 3). VECs were identified using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and pericytes were identified using mouse monoclonal antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was made in half of the utricle and flat mounted. The other half was used to study the integrity of the BLB using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). GLUT-1-IF, allowed delineation of the macula utricle microvasculature (located in the stroma underneath the sensory epithelia) in both MD and VS specimens. Three sizes of vessels were present in the utricle vasculature: Small size (<15 μm), medium size (15–25 μm) and large size >25 μm. α-SMA-IF was present in pericytes that surround the VECS in medium and thick size vessels. Thin size vessels showed almost no α-SMA-IF. AngioTool software was used for quantitative analysis. A significant decreased number of junctions, total vessel length, and average vessel length was detected in the microvasculature in MD specimens compared with VS and control specimens. The deeper understanding of the anatomy of the BLB in the human vestibular periphery and its pathological changes in disease will enable the development of non-invasive delivery strategy for the treatment of hearing and balance disorders.
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spelling pubmed-67871522019-10-21 Investigations of the Microvasculature of the Human Macula Utricle in Meniere’s Disease Ishiyama, Gail Lopez, Ivan A. Acuna, Dora Ishiyama, Akira Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience The integrity and permeability of the blood labyrinthine barrier (BLB) in the inner ear is important to maintain adequate blood supply, and to control the passage of fluids, molecules and ions. Identifying the cellular and structural components of the BLB, the vascular endothelial cells (VECs), pericytes, and the perivascular basement membrane, is critical to understand the pathophysiology of the inner ear microvasculature and to design efficient delivery of therapeutics across the BLB. A recent study of the normal and pathological ultrastructural changes in the human macula utricle microvasculature demonstrated that the VECs are damaged in Meniere’s disease (MD), and further studies identified oxidative stress markers (iNOS and nitrotyrosine) in the VECs. Using fluorescence microscopy, the microvasculature was studied in the macula utricle of patients diagnosed with MD that required transmastoid labyrinthectomy for intractable vertigo (n = 5), and patients who required a translabyrinthine approach for vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection (n = 3). Normal utricles (controls) were also included (n = 3). VECs were identified using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and pericytes were identified using mouse monoclonal antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was made in half of the utricle and flat mounted. The other half was used to study the integrity of the BLB using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). GLUT-1-IF, allowed delineation of the macula utricle microvasculature (located in the stroma underneath the sensory epithelia) in both MD and VS specimens. Three sizes of vessels were present in the utricle vasculature: Small size (<15 μm), medium size (15–25 μm) and large size >25 μm. α-SMA-IF was present in pericytes that surround the VECS in medium and thick size vessels. Thin size vessels showed almost no α-SMA-IF. AngioTool software was used for quantitative analysis. A significant decreased number of junctions, total vessel length, and average vessel length was detected in the microvasculature in MD specimens compared with VS and control specimens. The deeper understanding of the anatomy of the BLB in the human vestibular periphery and its pathological changes in disease will enable the development of non-invasive delivery strategy for the treatment of hearing and balance disorders. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-10-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6787152/ /pubmed/31636542 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00445 Text en Copyright © 2019 Ishiyama, Lopez, Acuna and Ishiyama. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Ishiyama, Gail
Lopez, Ivan A.
Acuna, Dora
Ishiyama, Akira
Investigations of the Microvasculature of the Human Macula Utricle in Meniere’s Disease
title Investigations of the Microvasculature of the Human Macula Utricle in Meniere’s Disease
title_full Investigations of the Microvasculature of the Human Macula Utricle in Meniere’s Disease
title_fullStr Investigations of the Microvasculature of the Human Macula Utricle in Meniere’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed Investigations of the Microvasculature of the Human Macula Utricle in Meniere’s Disease
title_short Investigations of the Microvasculature of the Human Macula Utricle in Meniere’s Disease
title_sort investigations of the microvasculature of the human macula utricle in meniere’s disease
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6787152/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31636542
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00445
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