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Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Temperature and pH Sensitive Physically Cross-Linked Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic Acid) Hydrogels for Drug Delivery

Previous studies involving poly N-vinylcaprolactam (PNVCL) and itaconic acid (IA) have synthesised the hydrogels with the presence of a solvent and a crosslinker, producing chemically crosslinked hydrogel systems. In this study, however, temperature sensitive PNVCL was physically crosslinked with a...

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Autores principales: Fallon, Megan, Halligan, Shane, Pezzoli, Romina, Geever, Luke, Higginbotham, Clement
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6787750/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31470691
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels5030041
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author Fallon, Megan
Halligan, Shane
Pezzoli, Romina
Geever, Luke
Higginbotham, Clement
author_facet Fallon, Megan
Halligan, Shane
Pezzoli, Romina
Geever, Luke
Higginbotham, Clement
author_sort Fallon, Megan
collection PubMed
description Previous studies involving poly N-vinylcaprolactam (PNVCL) and itaconic acid (IA) have synthesised the hydrogels with the presence of a solvent and a crosslinker, producing chemically crosslinked hydrogel systems. In this study, however, temperature sensitive PNVCL was physically crosslinked with a pH-sensitive comonomer IA through ultraviolet (UV) free-radical polymerization, without the presence of a solvent, to produce hydrogels with dual sensitivity. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy indicated successful polymerisation of the hydrogels. The temperature and pH sensitivity of the hydrogels was investigated. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the gels was determined using the UV spectrometry and it was found that the incorporation of IA decreased the LCST. Rheology was conducted to investigate the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the hydrogels, with results indicating IA that enhances the mechanical properties of the gels. Swelling studies were carried out at ~20 °C and 37 °C in different buffer solutions simulating the gastrointestinal tract (pH 2.2 and pH 6.8). In acidic conditions, the gels showed gradual increase in swelling while remaining structurally intact. While in basic conditions, the gels had a burst in swelling and began to gradually degrade after 30 min. Results were similar for drug release studies. Acetaminophen was incorporated into the hydrogels. Drug dissolution studies were carried out at 37 °C in pH 2.2 and pH 6.8. It was found that <20% of acetaminophen was released from the gels in pH 2.2, whereas the maximum drug released at pH 6.8 was 74%. Cytotoxicity studies also demonstrated the hydrogels to be highly biocompatible. These results indicate that physically crosslinked P(NVCL-IA) gels possess dual pH and temperature sensitive properties, which may be beneficial for biomedical applications such as drug delivery.
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spelling pubmed-67877502019-10-16 Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Temperature and pH Sensitive Physically Cross-Linked Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic Acid) Hydrogels for Drug Delivery Fallon, Megan Halligan, Shane Pezzoli, Romina Geever, Luke Higginbotham, Clement Gels Article Previous studies involving poly N-vinylcaprolactam (PNVCL) and itaconic acid (IA) have synthesised the hydrogels with the presence of a solvent and a crosslinker, producing chemically crosslinked hydrogel systems. In this study, however, temperature sensitive PNVCL was physically crosslinked with a pH-sensitive comonomer IA through ultraviolet (UV) free-radical polymerization, without the presence of a solvent, to produce hydrogels with dual sensitivity. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy indicated successful polymerisation of the hydrogels. The temperature and pH sensitivity of the hydrogels was investigated. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the gels was determined using the UV spectrometry and it was found that the incorporation of IA decreased the LCST. Rheology was conducted to investigate the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the hydrogels, with results indicating IA that enhances the mechanical properties of the gels. Swelling studies were carried out at ~20 °C and 37 °C in different buffer solutions simulating the gastrointestinal tract (pH 2.2 and pH 6.8). In acidic conditions, the gels showed gradual increase in swelling while remaining structurally intact. While in basic conditions, the gels had a burst in swelling and began to gradually degrade after 30 min. Results were similar for drug release studies. Acetaminophen was incorporated into the hydrogels. Drug dissolution studies were carried out at 37 °C in pH 2.2 and pH 6.8. It was found that <20% of acetaminophen was released from the gels in pH 2.2, whereas the maximum drug released at pH 6.8 was 74%. Cytotoxicity studies also demonstrated the hydrogels to be highly biocompatible. These results indicate that physically crosslinked P(NVCL-IA) gels possess dual pH and temperature sensitive properties, which may be beneficial for biomedical applications such as drug delivery. MDPI 2019-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6787750/ /pubmed/31470691 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels5030041 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Fallon, Megan
Halligan, Shane
Pezzoli, Romina
Geever, Luke
Higginbotham, Clement
Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Temperature and pH Sensitive Physically Cross-Linked Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic Acid) Hydrogels for Drug Delivery
title Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Temperature and pH Sensitive Physically Cross-Linked Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic Acid) Hydrogels for Drug Delivery
title_full Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Temperature and pH Sensitive Physically Cross-Linked Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic Acid) Hydrogels for Drug Delivery
title_fullStr Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Temperature and pH Sensitive Physically Cross-Linked Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic Acid) Hydrogels for Drug Delivery
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Temperature and pH Sensitive Physically Cross-Linked Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic Acid) Hydrogels for Drug Delivery
title_short Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Temperature and pH Sensitive Physically Cross-Linked Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic Acid) Hydrogels for Drug Delivery
title_sort synthesis and characterisation of novel temperature and ph sensitive physically cross-linked poly(n-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic acid) hydrogels for drug delivery
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6787750/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31470691
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels5030041
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