Elevated triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio is an indicator for insulin resistance in middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese population: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio could be a simple clinical indicator of insulin resistance (IR), but the results indicated that there were heterogeneities between different ethnicities. We aimed to investigate the association between TG/HDL-C and IR (as measured by homeostasis model assessment of IR [HOMA-IR]), and establish a clinical prediction rule for IR in middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese. METHODS: A total of 398 subjects were recruited, and each subject completed a questionnaire that included personal and medical history data, and underwent anthropometric measurement and blood sampling. IR was defined as HOMA-IR index value ≥2.0. Chi-squared test, independent two-sample t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between IR and TG/HDL-C ratio. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the ability of the developed clinical prediction rule to correctly discriminate between subjects of IR positive and IR negative groups. RESULTS: A significant association between IR and TG/HDL-C ratio was identified with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.35 (p-value< 0.001). In multiple logistic regression, high BMI (OR = 1.23; 95% C.I. = 1.13–1.33), hypertension (OR = 1.90; 95% C.I. = 1.12–3.21), diabetes mellitus (OR = 5.44; 95% C.I. = 2.93–10.08) and high TG/HDL ratio (OR = 1.45; 95% C.I. = 1.23–1.72) were significantly associated with the risk of elevated HOMA-IR. The area under ROC curves for TG/HDL-C ratio was 0.729 and the optimal threshold value was 2.197 where the corresponding of sensitivity and specificity were 72.4 and 65.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that the elevated TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with IR and could be used as an indicator of IR among the middle-aged and elderly population in Taiwan. It is clinically available, thus eliminating any additional costs. Future research is warranted to investigate the use of TG/HDL-C ratio combined with other risk factors for predicting IR under diverse ethnic backgrounds.