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Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Incidence of Diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort
BACKGROUND: Evidence on the association between road traffic noise and diabetes risk is sparse and inconsistent with respect to how confounding by air pollution was treated. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to examine whether long-term exposure to road traffic noise over 25 years is associated wi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Environmental Health Perspectives
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6791549/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31084449 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP4389 |
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author | Jørgensen, Jeanette Therming Bräuner, Elvira Vaclavik Backalarz, Claus Laursen, Jens Elgaard Pedersen, Torben Holm Jensen, Steen Solvang Ketzel, Matthias Hertel, Ole Lophaven, Søren Nyman Simonsen, Mette Kildevæld Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic |
author_facet | Jørgensen, Jeanette Therming Bräuner, Elvira Vaclavik Backalarz, Claus Laursen, Jens Elgaard Pedersen, Torben Holm Jensen, Steen Solvang Ketzel, Matthias Hertel, Ole Lophaven, Søren Nyman Simonsen, Mette Kildevæld Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic |
author_sort | Jørgensen, Jeanette Therming |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Evidence on the association between road traffic noise and diabetes risk is sparse and inconsistent with respect to how confounding by air pollution was treated. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to examine whether long-term exposure to road traffic noise over 25 years is associated with incidence of diabetes, independent of air pollution. METHODS: A total of 28,731 female nurses from the Danish Nurse cohort ([Formula: see text] at recruitment in 1993 or 1999) were linked to the Danish National Diabetes Register with information on incidence of diabetes from 1995 until 2013. The annual mean weighted levels of 24-h average road traffic noise ([Formula: see text]) at nurses’ residences from 1970 until 2013 were estimated with the Nord2000 method and annual mean levels of particulate matter (PM) with diameter [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]), nitrogen dioxide ([Formula: see text]), and nitrogen oxide ([Formula: see text]) with the Danish AirGIS modeling system. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association between residential [Formula: see text] in four different exposure windows (1-, 5-, 10-, and 25-years) and the incidence of diabetes, adjusted for lifestyle factors and air pollutants. RESULTS: Of 23,762 nurses free of diabetes at the cohort baseline, 1,158 developed diabetes during a mean follow-up of 15.2 years. We found weak positive associations between 5-y mean exposure to [Formula: see text] (per [Formula: see text] increase) and diabetes incidence in a crude model [hazard ratio (HR): 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99, 1.12], which attenuated in a model adjusted for lifestyle factors (HR:1.04; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.12), and reached unity after additional adjustment for [Formula: see text] (HR: 0.99; 0.91, 1.08). In analyses by level of urbanization, we found a positive association between noise and diabetes in urban areas (HR:1.27; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.63) that was unchanged after adjusting for [Formula: see text] (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.62), but we found no apparent association in provincial (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.18) or rural areas (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.08). CONCLUSION: In the nationwide cohort of Danish nurses 44 years of age and older, we found no association between long-term exposure to road traffic noise and diabetes incidence after adjustment for [Formula: see text] but found suggestive evidence of an association limited to urban areas. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4389 |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6791549 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Environmental Health Perspectives |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67915492019-11-01 Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Incidence of Diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort Jørgensen, Jeanette Therming Bräuner, Elvira Vaclavik Backalarz, Claus Laursen, Jens Elgaard Pedersen, Torben Holm Jensen, Steen Solvang Ketzel, Matthias Hertel, Ole Lophaven, Søren Nyman Simonsen, Mette Kildevæld Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic Environ Health Perspect Research BACKGROUND: Evidence on the association between road traffic noise and diabetes risk is sparse and inconsistent with respect to how confounding by air pollution was treated. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to examine whether long-term exposure to road traffic noise over 25 years is associated with incidence of diabetes, independent of air pollution. METHODS: A total of 28,731 female nurses from the Danish Nurse cohort ([Formula: see text] at recruitment in 1993 or 1999) were linked to the Danish National Diabetes Register with information on incidence of diabetes from 1995 until 2013. The annual mean weighted levels of 24-h average road traffic noise ([Formula: see text]) at nurses’ residences from 1970 until 2013 were estimated with the Nord2000 method and annual mean levels of particulate matter (PM) with diameter [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]), nitrogen dioxide ([Formula: see text]), and nitrogen oxide ([Formula: see text]) with the Danish AirGIS modeling system. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association between residential [Formula: see text] in four different exposure windows (1-, 5-, 10-, and 25-years) and the incidence of diabetes, adjusted for lifestyle factors and air pollutants. RESULTS: Of 23,762 nurses free of diabetes at the cohort baseline, 1,158 developed diabetes during a mean follow-up of 15.2 years. We found weak positive associations between 5-y mean exposure to [Formula: see text] (per [Formula: see text] increase) and diabetes incidence in a crude model [hazard ratio (HR): 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99, 1.12], which attenuated in a model adjusted for lifestyle factors (HR:1.04; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.12), and reached unity after additional adjustment for [Formula: see text] (HR: 0.99; 0.91, 1.08). In analyses by level of urbanization, we found a positive association between noise and diabetes in urban areas (HR:1.27; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.63) that was unchanged after adjusting for [Formula: see text] (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.62), but we found no apparent association in provincial (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.18) or rural areas (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.08). CONCLUSION: In the nationwide cohort of Danish nurses 44 years of age and older, we found no association between long-term exposure to road traffic noise and diabetes incidence after adjustment for [Formula: see text] but found suggestive evidence of an association limited to urban areas. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4389 Environmental Health Perspectives 2019-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6791549/ /pubmed/31084449 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP4389 Text en EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. |
spellingShingle | Research Jørgensen, Jeanette Therming Bräuner, Elvira Vaclavik Backalarz, Claus Laursen, Jens Elgaard Pedersen, Torben Holm Jensen, Steen Solvang Ketzel, Matthias Hertel, Ole Lophaven, Søren Nyman Simonsen, Mette Kildevæld Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Incidence of Diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort |
title | Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Incidence of Diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort |
title_full | Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Incidence of Diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort |
title_fullStr | Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Incidence of Diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort |
title_full_unstemmed | Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Incidence of Diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort |
title_short | Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Incidence of Diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort |
title_sort | long-term exposure to road traffic noise and incidence of diabetes in the danish nurse cohort |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6791549/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31084449 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP4389 |
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