Whole‐heart T(1) mapping using a 2D fat image navigator for respiratory motion compensation

PURPOSE: To combine a 3D saturation‐recovery‐based myocardial T(1) mapping (3D SASHA) sequence with a 2D image navigator with fat excitation (fat‐iNAV) to allow 3D T(1) maps with 100% respiratory scan efficiency and predictable scan time. METHODS: Data from T(1) phantom and 10 subjects were acquired at 1.5T. For respiratory motion compensation, a 2D fat‐iNAV was acquired before each 3D SASHA k‐space segment to correct for 2D translational motion in a beat‐to‐beat fashion. The effect of the fat‐iNAV on the 3D SASHA T1 estimation was evaluated on the T(1) phantom. For 3 representative subjects, the proposed free‐breathing 3D SASHA with fat‐iNAV was compared to the original implementation with the diaphragmatic navigator. The 3D SASHA with fat‐iNAV was compared to the breath‐hold 2D SASHA sequence in terms of accuracy and precision. RESULTS: In the phantom study, the Bland‐Altman plot shows that the 2D fat‐iNAVs does not affect the T(1) quantification of the 3D SASHA acquisition (0 ± 12.5 ms). For the in vivo study, the 2D fat‐iNAV permits to estimate the respiratory motion of the heart, while allowing for 100% scan efficiency, improving the precision of the T(1) measurement compared to non‐motion‐corrected 3D SASHA. However, the image quality achieved with the proposed 3D SASHA with fat‐iNAV is lower compared to the original implementation, with reduced delineation of the myocardial borders and papillary muscles. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate the feasibility to combine the 3D SASHA T(1) mapping imaging sequence with a 2D fat‐iNAV for respiratory motion compensation, allowing 100% respiratory scan efficiency and predictable scan time.