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Novel Tumor Suppressor lncRNA Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) In Human Cancer

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in fundamental biological processes, and deregulations of lncRNAs have been linked to numerous human diseases, especially cancers. Of particular interest in this regard is lncRNA GAS5, which is mainly identified as a tumor suppressor in sev...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yu, Yaya, Hann, Swei Sunny
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6794681/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31632088
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S221305
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author Yu, Yaya
Hann, Swei Sunny
author_facet Yu, Yaya
Hann, Swei Sunny
author_sort Yu, Yaya
collection PubMed
description Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in fundamental biological processes, and deregulations of lncRNAs have been linked to numerous human diseases, especially cancers. Of particular interest in this regard is lncRNA GAS5, which is mainly identified as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. GAS5 was significantly low expressed in multiple cancers and was associated with clinic-pathological characteristics and patient survival, indicating a novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and a therapeutic target for cancer. Functionally, GAS5 is involved in cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and drug resistance, among others, via multiple molecular mechanisms, such as binding to DNA sequences, forming RNA–DNA triplex complex, triggering or suppressing the expression of genes, binding proteins to form chromatin-modifying complex, which activates or represses gene expression, and acting as miRNA sponge to suppress miRNA expression, leading to regulation of miRNA target genes. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge and role of GAS5 in clinical relevance, biological functions and molecular mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of expression and function of GAS5 in cancer. Finally, the potential prospective role as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer is discussed.
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spelling pubmed-67946812019-10-18 Novel Tumor Suppressor lncRNA Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) In Human Cancer Yu, Yaya Hann, Swei Sunny Onco Targets Ther Review Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in fundamental biological processes, and deregulations of lncRNAs have been linked to numerous human diseases, especially cancers. Of particular interest in this regard is lncRNA GAS5, which is mainly identified as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. GAS5 was significantly low expressed in multiple cancers and was associated with clinic-pathological characteristics and patient survival, indicating a novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and a therapeutic target for cancer. Functionally, GAS5 is involved in cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and drug resistance, among others, via multiple molecular mechanisms, such as binding to DNA sequences, forming RNA–DNA triplex complex, triggering or suppressing the expression of genes, binding proteins to form chromatin-modifying complex, which activates or represses gene expression, and acting as miRNA sponge to suppress miRNA expression, leading to regulation of miRNA target genes. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge and role of GAS5 in clinical relevance, biological functions and molecular mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of expression and function of GAS5 in cancer. Finally, the potential prospective role as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer is discussed. Dove 2019-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6794681/ /pubmed/31632088 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S221305 Text en © 2019 Yu and Hann. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Review
Yu, Yaya
Hann, Swei Sunny
Novel Tumor Suppressor lncRNA Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) In Human Cancer
title Novel Tumor Suppressor lncRNA Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) In Human Cancer
title_full Novel Tumor Suppressor lncRNA Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) In Human Cancer
title_fullStr Novel Tumor Suppressor lncRNA Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) In Human Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Novel Tumor Suppressor lncRNA Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) In Human Cancer
title_short Novel Tumor Suppressor lncRNA Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) In Human Cancer
title_sort novel tumor suppressor lncrna growth arrest-specific 5 (gas5) in human cancer
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6794681/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31632088
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S221305
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