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Moving Immunoprevention Beyond Virally Mediated Malignancies: Do We Need to Link It to Early Detection?

Vaccines can successfully prevent viral infections and have emerged as an effective strategy for preventing some virally mediated malignancies. They also represent our major hope for cost-effective reduction of the cancer burden. The concept that the immune system mediates surveillance and editing r...

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Autores principales: Dhodapkar, Madhav V., Dhodapkar, Kavita M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6795703/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31649683
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02385
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author Dhodapkar, Madhav V.
Dhodapkar, Kavita M.
author_facet Dhodapkar, Madhav V.
Dhodapkar, Kavita M.
author_sort Dhodapkar, Madhav V.
collection PubMed
description Vaccines can successfully prevent viral infections and have emerged as an effective strategy for preventing some virally mediated malignancies. They also represent our major hope for cost-effective reduction of the cancer burden. The concept that the immune system mediates surveillance and editing roles against tumors is now well-established in murine models. However, harnessing the immune system to prevent human cancers that do not have a known viral etiology has not yet been realized. Most human cancers originate in a premalignant phase that is more common than the cancer itself. Many of the genetic changes that underlie carcinogenesis originate at this stage when the malignant phenotype is not manifest. Studies evaluating host response in human premalignancy have documented that these lesions are immunogenic, setting the stage for immune-based approaches for targeted prevention of human cancer. However, recent studies suggest that the hierarchy of T cell exhaustion and immune-suppressive factors have already begun to emerge in many preneoplastic states. These considerations underscore the need to link immune prevention to earlier detection of such lesions and to personalize such approaches based on the status of the pre-existing immune response.
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spelling pubmed-67957032019-10-24 Moving Immunoprevention Beyond Virally Mediated Malignancies: Do We Need to Link It to Early Detection? Dhodapkar, Madhav V. Dhodapkar, Kavita M. Front Immunol Immunology Vaccines can successfully prevent viral infections and have emerged as an effective strategy for preventing some virally mediated malignancies. They also represent our major hope for cost-effective reduction of the cancer burden. The concept that the immune system mediates surveillance and editing roles against tumors is now well-established in murine models. However, harnessing the immune system to prevent human cancers that do not have a known viral etiology has not yet been realized. Most human cancers originate in a premalignant phase that is more common than the cancer itself. Many of the genetic changes that underlie carcinogenesis originate at this stage when the malignant phenotype is not manifest. Studies evaluating host response in human premalignancy have documented that these lesions are immunogenic, setting the stage for immune-based approaches for targeted prevention of human cancer. However, recent studies suggest that the hierarchy of T cell exhaustion and immune-suppressive factors have already begun to emerge in many preneoplastic states. These considerations underscore the need to link immune prevention to earlier detection of such lesions and to personalize such approaches based on the status of the pre-existing immune response. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6795703/ /pubmed/31649683 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02385 Text en Copyright © 2019 Dhodapkar and Dhodapkar. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Dhodapkar, Madhav V.
Dhodapkar, Kavita M.
Moving Immunoprevention Beyond Virally Mediated Malignancies: Do We Need to Link It to Early Detection?
title Moving Immunoprevention Beyond Virally Mediated Malignancies: Do We Need to Link It to Early Detection?
title_full Moving Immunoprevention Beyond Virally Mediated Malignancies: Do We Need to Link It to Early Detection?
title_fullStr Moving Immunoprevention Beyond Virally Mediated Malignancies: Do We Need to Link It to Early Detection?
title_full_unstemmed Moving Immunoprevention Beyond Virally Mediated Malignancies: Do We Need to Link It to Early Detection?
title_short Moving Immunoprevention Beyond Virally Mediated Malignancies: Do We Need to Link It to Early Detection?
title_sort moving immunoprevention beyond virally mediated malignancies: do we need to link it to early detection?
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6795703/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31649683
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02385
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