Plant sulphur metabolism is stimulated by photorespiration

Intense efforts have been devoted to describe the biochemical pathway of plant sulphur (S) assimilation from sulphate. However, essential information on metabolic regulation of S assimilation is still lacking, such as possible interactions between S assimilation, photosynthesis and photorespiration. In particular, does S assimilation scale with photosynthesis thus ensuring sufficient S provision for amino acids synthesis? This lack of knowledge is problematic because optimization of photosynthesis is a common target of crop breeding and furthermore, photosynthesis is stimulated by the inexorable increase in atmospheric CO(2). Here, we used high-resolution (33)S and (13)C tracing technology with NMR and LC-MS to access direct measurement of metabolic fluxes in S assimilation, when photosynthesis and photorespiration are varied via the gaseous composition of the atmosphere (CO(2), O(2)). We show that S assimilation is stimulated by photorespiratory metabolism and therefore, large photosynthetic fluxes appear to be detrimental to plant cell sulphur nutrition.