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Modular nature of simian foamy virus genomes and their evolutionary history

Among all known retroviruses, foamy viruses (FVs) have the most stable virus–host co-speciation history, co-diverging in concert with their vertebrate hosts for hundreds of millions of years. However, detailed molecular analyses indicate that different parts of their genome might have different evol...

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Autores principales: Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Richard, Léa, Gessain, Antoine, Mouinga-Ondémé, Augustin, Vicente Afonso, Philippe, Katzourakis, Aris
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6795992/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31636999
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/vez032
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author Aiewsakun, Pakorn
Richard, Léa
Gessain, Antoine
Mouinga-Ondémé, Augustin
Vicente Afonso, Philippe
Katzourakis, Aris
author_facet Aiewsakun, Pakorn
Richard, Léa
Gessain, Antoine
Mouinga-Ondémé, Augustin
Vicente Afonso, Philippe
Katzourakis, Aris
author_sort Aiewsakun, Pakorn
collection PubMed
description Among all known retroviruses, foamy viruses (FVs) have the most stable virus–host co-speciation history, co-diverging in concert with their vertebrate hosts for hundreds of millions of years. However, detailed molecular analyses indicate that different parts of their genome might have different evolutionary histories. While their polymerase gene displays a robust and straightforward virus–host co-speciation pattern, the evolutionary history of their envelope (env) gene, is much more complicated. Here, we report eleven new FV env sequences in two mandrill populations in Central Africa, geographically separated by the Ogooué River into the North and the South populations. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the polymerase gene shows that the two virus populations are distinct, and each contains two variants of env genes co-existing with one another. The distinction between the two env variants can be mapped to the surface domain, flanked by two recombination hotspots, as previously reported for chimpanzee and gorilla FVs. Our analyses suggest that the two env variants originated during the diversification of Old World monkeys and apes, ∼30 million years ago. We also show that this env gene region forms two phylogenetically distinct clades, each displaying a host co-divergence and geographical separation pattern, while the rest of the genome of the two strains is phylogenetically indistinguishable in each of the host-specific groups. We propose possible evolutionary mechanisms to explain the modular nature of the FV genome.
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spelling pubmed-67959922019-10-21 Modular nature of simian foamy virus genomes and their evolutionary history Aiewsakun, Pakorn Richard, Léa Gessain, Antoine Mouinga-Ondémé, Augustin Vicente Afonso, Philippe Katzourakis, Aris Virus Evol Research Article Among all known retroviruses, foamy viruses (FVs) have the most stable virus–host co-speciation history, co-diverging in concert with their vertebrate hosts for hundreds of millions of years. However, detailed molecular analyses indicate that different parts of their genome might have different evolutionary histories. While their polymerase gene displays a robust and straightforward virus–host co-speciation pattern, the evolutionary history of their envelope (env) gene, is much more complicated. Here, we report eleven new FV env sequences in two mandrill populations in Central Africa, geographically separated by the Ogooué River into the North and the South populations. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the polymerase gene shows that the two virus populations are distinct, and each contains two variants of env genes co-existing with one another. The distinction between the two env variants can be mapped to the surface domain, flanked by two recombination hotspots, as previously reported for chimpanzee and gorilla FVs. Our analyses suggest that the two env variants originated during the diversification of Old World monkeys and apes, ∼30 million years ago. We also show that this env gene region forms two phylogenetically distinct clades, each displaying a host co-divergence and geographical separation pattern, while the rest of the genome of the two strains is phylogenetically indistinguishable in each of the host-specific groups. We propose possible evolutionary mechanisms to explain the modular nature of the FV genome. Oxford University Press 2019-10-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6795992/ /pubmed/31636999 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/vez032 Text en © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Aiewsakun, Pakorn
Richard, Léa
Gessain, Antoine
Mouinga-Ondémé, Augustin
Vicente Afonso, Philippe
Katzourakis, Aris
Modular nature of simian foamy virus genomes and their evolutionary history
title Modular nature of simian foamy virus genomes and their evolutionary history
title_full Modular nature of simian foamy virus genomes and their evolutionary history
title_fullStr Modular nature of simian foamy virus genomes and their evolutionary history
title_full_unstemmed Modular nature of simian foamy virus genomes and their evolutionary history
title_short Modular nature of simian foamy virus genomes and their evolutionary history
title_sort modular nature of simian foamy virus genomes and their evolutionary history
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6795992/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31636999
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/vez032
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