A randomized, phase IIa study to assess the systemic exposure of triamcinolone acetonide following injection of extended-release triamcinolone acetonide or traditional triamcinolone acetonide into both knees of patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND: Intra-articular corticosteroids are commonly used for pain relief in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Simultaneous intra-articular corticosteroid (CS) knee injections may be beneficial for the ~80–90% of patients who present with, or develop, bilateral knee osteoarthritis, but concurrent injections may increase systemic CS exposure and data on safety/tolerability are lacking. Triamcinolone acetonide extended release (TA-ER) has shown decreased systemic triamcinolone acetonide exposure compared with traditional triamcinolone acetonide crystalline suspension (TAcs) after a single knee injection in patients with knee osteoarthritis. This phase IIa study was designed to assess the safety and systemic triamcinolone acetonide exposure following injections of TA-ER or TAcs into each knee of patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Patients (⩾40 years) meeting American College of Rheumatology criteria for knee osteoarthritis in both knees received concurrent single intra-articular injections of TA-ER 32 mg or TAcs 40 mg into each knee (total: 64 mg and 80 mg, respectively) and were followed for 6 weeks. Safety was evaluated based on treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected pre-injection, and at the following postinjection time points: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h, and days 8, 15, 29, and 43. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were balanced between patients randomly assigned to TA-ER (n = 12) or TAcs (n = 12). Both treatments were well tolerated with comparable TEAE profiles. Peak plasma triamcinolone acetonide concentrations (C(max)) were lower following bilateral TA-ER injections [geometric mean, 2277.7 pg/ml (95% CI, 1602.13–3238.04)] compared with bilateral TAcs injections [7394.7 pg/ml (2201.06–24,843.43)], with median times to C(max) (T(max)) of 4.5 and 6.5 h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis, intra-articular injection of TA-ER into both knees was well tolerated. Consistent with pharmacokinetic profiles observed after a single knee injection, plasma triamcinolone acetonide concentrations were lower after bilateral TA-ER injections compared with the higher and more variable concentrations observed after bilateral TAcs injections. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03378076