Clinical Parameters, Management, and Outcomes of Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury in Ilorin

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among children, accounting for 75% of children hospitalized for trauma. Childhood TBI is a leading cause of death from trauma in the pediatric age group and the incidence is on the rise globally. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the etiology, management, and outcome of childhood TBI in our setting. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of all cases of childhood TBI. Relevant data extracted from case records were analyzed using a 2011 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; IBM, Armonk, New York) software for Windows, version 20. RESULTS: A total of 168 children with TBI were studied. Of which, 109 (65%) were males and 59 (35%) were females (male/female ratio of 13:7, mean age, 7 ± 4 years). Most of the injuries (138, 82%) occurred outdoor; road traffic crash and fall accounted for 101 (60.1%) and 47 (27.9%) cases, respectively. Pedestrian motor vehicular accident accounted for 41 (41.8%) cases, whereas 30 (30.6%) were due to motorcycle road traffic crash. Good recovery was recorded in 138 (81%) patients, 22 (13.1%) had moderate disability. Mortality rate was 6%. CONCLUSION: Brain injury from trauma still constitutes a significant part of childhood morbidity and mortality in our setting; these deaths are avoidable in most cases. The outlook can be better if preventive efforts are geared toward domestic and road safety campaign.