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Characterization and Activity Analyses of the FLOWERING LOCUS T Promoter in Gossypium Hirsutum

Flowering transition is a crucial development process in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and the flowering time is closely correlated with the timing of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) expression. However, the mechanism underlying the coordination of various cis-regulatory elements in the FT promoter of cott...

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Autores principales: Sang, Na, Cai, Darun, Li, Chao, Sun, Yuqiang, Huang, Xianzhong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6801411/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31561427
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194769
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author Sang, Na
Cai, Darun
Li, Chao
Sun, Yuqiang
Huang, Xianzhong
author_facet Sang, Na
Cai, Darun
Li, Chao
Sun, Yuqiang
Huang, Xianzhong
author_sort Sang, Na
collection PubMed
description Flowering transition is a crucial development process in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and the flowering time is closely correlated with the timing of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) expression. However, the mechanism underlying the coordination of various cis-regulatory elements in the FT promoter of cotton has not been determined. In this study, a 5.9-kb promoter of FT was identified from cotton. A bioinformatics analysis showed that multiple insertion–deletion sites existed in the 5.9-kb promoter. Different expression levels of a reporter gene, and the induction by sequential deletions in GhFT promoter, demonstrated that 1.8-kb of the GhFT promoter was stronger than 4.2-, 4.8-, and 5.9-kb promoter fragments. The binding sites of the CONSTANS (CO) and NUCLEAR FACTOR Y transcription factors were located within the 1.0-kb sequence upstream of the FT transcription start site. A large number of repeat segments were identified in proximal promoter regions (−1.1 to −1.4 kb). A complementation analysis of deletion constructs between 1.0 and 1.8 kb of G. hirsutum, Gossypium arboretum, and Gossypium raimondii FT promoters revealed that the 1.0-kb fragment significantly rescued the late-flowering phenotype of the Arabidopsis FT loss-of-function mutant ft-10, whereas the 1.8-kb promoter only slightly rescued the late-flowering phenotype. Furthermore, the conserved CORE motif in the cotton FT promoter is an atypical TGTG(N2-3)ATG, but the number of arbitrary bases between TGTG and ATG is uncertain. Thus, the proximal FT promoter region might play an important role affecting the activity levels of FT promoters in cotton flowering.
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spelling pubmed-68014112019-10-31 Characterization and Activity Analyses of the FLOWERING LOCUS T Promoter in Gossypium Hirsutum Sang, Na Cai, Darun Li, Chao Sun, Yuqiang Huang, Xianzhong Int J Mol Sci Article Flowering transition is a crucial development process in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and the flowering time is closely correlated with the timing of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) expression. However, the mechanism underlying the coordination of various cis-regulatory elements in the FT promoter of cotton has not been determined. In this study, a 5.9-kb promoter of FT was identified from cotton. A bioinformatics analysis showed that multiple insertion–deletion sites existed in the 5.9-kb promoter. Different expression levels of a reporter gene, and the induction by sequential deletions in GhFT promoter, demonstrated that 1.8-kb of the GhFT promoter was stronger than 4.2-, 4.8-, and 5.9-kb promoter fragments. The binding sites of the CONSTANS (CO) and NUCLEAR FACTOR Y transcription factors were located within the 1.0-kb sequence upstream of the FT transcription start site. A large number of repeat segments were identified in proximal promoter regions (−1.1 to −1.4 kb). A complementation analysis of deletion constructs between 1.0 and 1.8 kb of G. hirsutum, Gossypium arboretum, and Gossypium raimondii FT promoters revealed that the 1.0-kb fragment significantly rescued the late-flowering phenotype of the Arabidopsis FT loss-of-function mutant ft-10, whereas the 1.8-kb promoter only slightly rescued the late-flowering phenotype. Furthermore, the conserved CORE motif in the cotton FT promoter is an atypical TGTG(N2-3)ATG, but the number of arbitrary bases between TGTG and ATG is uncertain. Thus, the proximal FT promoter region might play an important role affecting the activity levels of FT promoters in cotton flowering. MDPI 2019-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6801411/ /pubmed/31561427 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194769 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sang, Na
Cai, Darun
Li, Chao
Sun, Yuqiang
Huang, Xianzhong
Characterization and Activity Analyses of the FLOWERING LOCUS T Promoter in Gossypium Hirsutum
title Characterization and Activity Analyses of the FLOWERING LOCUS T Promoter in Gossypium Hirsutum
title_full Characterization and Activity Analyses of the FLOWERING LOCUS T Promoter in Gossypium Hirsutum
title_fullStr Characterization and Activity Analyses of the FLOWERING LOCUS T Promoter in Gossypium Hirsutum
title_full_unstemmed Characterization and Activity Analyses of the FLOWERING LOCUS T Promoter in Gossypium Hirsutum
title_short Characterization and Activity Analyses of the FLOWERING LOCUS T Promoter in Gossypium Hirsutum
title_sort characterization and activity analyses of the flowering locus t promoter in gossypium hirsutum
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6801411/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31561427
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194769
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