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Impact of Carcinogenic Chromium on the Cellular Response to Proteotoxic Stress

Worldwide, several million workers are employed in the various chromium (Cr) industries. These workers may suffer from a variety of adverse health effects produced by dusts, mists and fumes containing Cr in the hexavalent oxidation state, Cr(VI). Of major importance, occupational exposure to Cr(VI)...

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Autores principales: Ferreira, Leonardo M. R., Cunha-Oliveira, Teresa, Sobral, Margarida C., Abreu, Patrícia L., Alpoim, Maria Carmen, Urbano, Ana M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6801751/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31623305
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194901
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author Ferreira, Leonardo M. R.
Cunha-Oliveira, Teresa
Sobral, Margarida C.
Abreu, Patrícia L.
Alpoim, Maria Carmen
Urbano, Ana M.
author_facet Ferreira, Leonardo M. R.
Cunha-Oliveira, Teresa
Sobral, Margarida C.
Abreu, Patrícia L.
Alpoim, Maria Carmen
Urbano, Ana M.
author_sort Ferreira, Leonardo M. R.
collection PubMed
description Worldwide, several million workers are employed in the various chromium (Cr) industries. These workers may suffer from a variety of adverse health effects produced by dusts, mists and fumes containing Cr in the hexavalent oxidation state, Cr(VI). Of major importance, occupational exposure to Cr(VI) compounds has been firmly associated with the development of lung cancer. Counterintuitively, Cr(VI) is mostly unreactive towards most biomolecules, including nucleic acids. However, its intracellular reduction produces several species that react extensively with biomolecules. The diversity and chemical versatility of these species add great complexity to the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying Cr(VI) toxicity and carcinogenicity. As a consequence, these mechanisms are still poorly understood, in spite of intensive research efforts. Here, we discuss the impact of Cr(VI) on the stress response—an intricate cellular system against proteotoxic stress which is increasingly viewed as playing a critical role in carcinogenesis. This discussion is preceded by information regarding applications, chemical properties and adverse health effects of Cr(VI). A summary of our current understanding of cancer initiation, promotion and progression is also provided, followed by a brief description of the stress response and its links to cancer and by an overview of potential molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI) carcinogenicity.
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spelling pubmed-68017512019-10-31 Impact of Carcinogenic Chromium on the Cellular Response to Proteotoxic Stress Ferreira, Leonardo M. R. Cunha-Oliveira, Teresa Sobral, Margarida C. Abreu, Patrícia L. Alpoim, Maria Carmen Urbano, Ana M. Int J Mol Sci Review Worldwide, several million workers are employed in the various chromium (Cr) industries. These workers may suffer from a variety of adverse health effects produced by dusts, mists and fumes containing Cr in the hexavalent oxidation state, Cr(VI). Of major importance, occupational exposure to Cr(VI) compounds has been firmly associated with the development of lung cancer. Counterintuitively, Cr(VI) is mostly unreactive towards most biomolecules, including nucleic acids. However, its intracellular reduction produces several species that react extensively with biomolecules. The diversity and chemical versatility of these species add great complexity to the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying Cr(VI) toxicity and carcinogenicity. As a consequence, these mechanisms are still poorly understood, in spite of intensive research efforts. Here, we discuss the impact of Cr(VI) on the stress response—an intricate cellular system against proteotoxic stress which is increasingly viewed as playing a critical role in carcinogenesis. This discussion is preceded by information regarding applications, chemical properties and adverse health effects of Cr(VI). A summary of our current understanding of cancer initiation, promotion and progression is also provided, followed by a brief description of the stress response and its links to cancer and by an overview of potential molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI) carcinogenicity. MDPI 2019-10-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6801751/ /pubmed/31623305 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194901 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ferreira, Leonardo M. R.
Cunha-Oliveira, Teresa
Sobral, Margarida C.
Abreu, Patrícia L.
Alpoim, Maria Carmen
Urbano, Ana M.
Impact of Carcinogenic Chromium on the Cellular Response to Proteotoxic Stress
title Impact of Carcinogenic Chromium on the Cellular Response to Proteotoxic Stress
title_full Impact of Carcinogenic Chromium on the Cellular Response to Proteotoxic Stress
title_fullStr Impact of Carcinogenic Chromium on the Cellular Response to Proteotoxic Stress
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Carcinogenic Chromium on the Cellular Response to Proteotoxic Stress
title_short Impact of Carcinogenic Chromium on the Cellular Response to Proteotoxic Stress
title_sort impact of carcinogenic chromium on the cellular response to proteotoxic stress
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6801751/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31623305
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194901
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