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Elemental Contamination in Indoor Floor Dust and Its Correlation with PAHs, Fungi, and Gram+/− Bacteria

In this study, we performed elemental analysis for floor dust samples collected in Jordanian microenvironments (dwellings and educational building). We performed intercorrelation and cluster analysis between the elemental, polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and microorganism concentrations. In general,...

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Autores principales: Arar, Sharif, Al-Hunaiti, Afnan, Masad, Mohanad H., Maragkidou, Androniki, Wraith, Darren, Hussein, Tareq
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6801931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31547507
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193552
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author Arar, Sharif
Al-Hunaiti, Afnan
Masad, Mohanad H.
Maragkidou, Androniki
Wraith, Darren
Hussein, Tareq
author_facet Arar, Sharif
Al-Hunaiti, Afnan
Masad, Mohanad H.
Maragkidou, Androniki
Wraith, Darren
Hussein, Tareq
author_sort Arar, Sharif
collection PubMed
description In this study, we performed elemental analysis for floor dust samples collected in Jordanian microenvironments (dwellings and educational building). We performed intercorrelation and cluster analysis between the elemental, polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and microorganism concentrations. In general, the educational building workshops had the highest elemental contamination. The age of the dwelling and its occupancy played a role on the elemental contamination level: older and more occupied dwellingshad greater contamination. The elemental contamination at a dwelling entrance was observed to be higher than in the living room. We found exceptionally high concentrations for Fe and Mn in the educational workshop and additionally, Hg, Cr, and Pb concentrations exceeded the limits set by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. According to the cluster analysis, we found three major groups based on location and contamination. According to the enrichment factor (EF) assessment, Al, Co, Mn, Ti, and Ba had EF < 2 (i.e., minimal enrichment) whereas P, S, Pb, Sb, Mo, Zn, Hg, and Cu had EF > 40 (i.e., extremely enriched). In contrast, Ca and P were geogenically enriched. Furthermore, significant Spearman correlations indicated nine subgroups of elemental contamination combined with PAHs and microbes.
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spelling pubmed-68019312019-10-31 Elemental Contamination in Indoor Floor Dust and Its Correlation with PAHs, Fungi, and Gram+/− Bacteria Arar, Sharif Al-Hunaiti, Afnan Masad, Mohanad H. Maragkidou, Androniki Wraith, Darren Hussein, Tareq Int J Environ Res Public Health Article In this study, we performed elemental analysis for floor dust samples collected in Jordanian microenvironments (dwellings and educational building). We performed intercorrelation and cluster analysis between the elemental, polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and microorganism concentrations. In general, the educational building workshops had the highest elemental contamination. The age of the dwelling and its occupancy played a role on the elemental contamination level: older and more occupied dwellingshad greater contamination. The elemental contamination at a dwelling entrance was observed to be higher than in the living room. We found exceptionally high concentrations for Fe and Mn in the educational workshop and additionally, Hg, Cr, and Pb concentrations exceeded the limits set by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. According to the cluster analysis, we found three major groups based on location and contamination. According to the enrichment factor (EF) assessment, Al, Co, Mn, Ti, and Ba had EF < 2 (i.e., minimal enrichment) whereas P, S, Pb, Sb, Mo, Zn, Hg, and Cu had EF > 40 (i.e., extremely enriched). In contrast, Ca and P were geogenically enriched. Furthermore, significant Spearman correlations indicated nine subgroups of elemental contamination combined with PAHs and microbes. MDPI 2019-09-23 2019-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6801931/ /pubmed/31547507 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193552 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Arar, Sharif
Al-Hunaiti, Afnan
Masad, Mohanad H.
Maragkidou, Androniki
Wraith, Darren
Hussein, Tareq
Elemental Contamination in Indoor Floor Dust and Its Correlation with PAHs, Fungi, and Gram+/− Bacteria
title Elemental Contamination in Indoor Floor Dust and Its Correlation with PAHs, Fungi, and Gram+/− Bacteria
title_full Elemental Contamination in Indoor Floor Dust and Its Correlation with PAHs, Fungi, and Gram+/− Bacteria
title_fullStr Elemental Contamination in Indoor Floor Dust and Its Correlation with PAHs, Fungi, and Gram+/− Bacteria
title_full_unstemmed Elemental Contamination in Indoor Floor Dust and Its Correlation with PAHs, Fungi, and Gram+/− Bacteria
title_short Elemental Contamination in Indoor Floor Dust and Its Correlation with PAHs, Fungi, and Gram+/− Bacteria
title_sort elemental contamination in indoor floor dust and its correlation with pahs, fungi, and gram+/− bacteria
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6801931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31547507
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193552
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