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Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs
The availability of diverse ecological niches can promote adaptation of trophic specializations and related traits, as has been repeatedly observed in evolutionary radiations of freshwater fish. The role of genetics, environment, and history in ecologically driven divergence and adaptation, can be s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6802010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31641448 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5516 |
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author | Guðbrandsson, Jóhannes Kapralova, Kalina H. Franzdóttir, Sigríður R. Bergsveinsdóttir, Þóra Margrét Hafstað, Völundur Jónsson, Zophonías O. Snorrason, Sigurður S. Pálsson, Arnar |
author_facet | Guðbrandsson, Jóhannes Kapralova, Kalina H. Franzdóttir, Sigríður R. Bergsveinsdóttir, Þóra Margrét Hafstað, Völundur Jónsson, Zophonías O. Snorrason, Sigurður S. Pálsson, Arnar |
author_sort | Guðbrandsson, Jóhannes |
collection | PubMed |
description | The availability of diverse ecological niches can promote adaptation of trophic specializations and related traits, as has been repeatedly observed in evolutionary radiations of freshwater fish. The role of genetics, environment, and history in ecologically driven divergence and adaptation, can be studied on adaptive radiations or populations showing ecological polymorphism. Salmonids, especially the Salvelinus genus, are renowned for both phenotypic diversity and polymorphism. Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) invaded Icelandic streams during the glacial retreat (about 10,000 years ago) and exhibits many instances of sympatric polymorphism. Particularly, well studied are the four morphs in Lake Þingvallavatn in Iceland. The small benthic (SB), large benthic (LB), planktivorous (PL), and piscivorous (PI) charr differ in many regards, including size, form, and life history traits. To investigate relatedness and genomic differentiation between morphs, we identified variable sites from RNA‐sequencing data from three of those morphs and verified 22 variants in population samples. The data reveal genetic differences between the morphs, with the two benthic morphs being more similar and the PL‐charr more genetically different. The markers with high differentiation map to all linkage groups, suggesting ancient and pervasive genetic separation of these three morphs. Furthermore, GO analyses suggest differences in collagen metabolism, odontogenesis, and sensory systems between PL‐charr and the benthic morphs. Genotyping in population samples from all four morphs confirms the genetic separation and indicates that the PI‐charr are less genetically distinct than the other three morphs. The genetic separation of the other three morphs indicates certain degree of reproductive isolation. The extent of gene flow between the morphs and the nature of reproductive barriers between them remain to be elucidated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6802010 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68020102019-10-22 Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs Guðbrandsson, Jóhannes Kapralova, Kalina H. Franzdóttir, Sigríður R. Bergsveinsdóttir, Þóra Margrét Hafstað, Völundur Jónsson, Zophonías O. Snorrason, Sigurður S. Pálsson, Arnar Ecol Evol Original Research The availability of diverse ecological niches can promote adaptation of trophic specializations and related traits, as has been repeatedly observed in evolutionary radiations of freshwater fish. The role of genetics, environment, and history in ecologically driven divergence and adaptation, can be studied on adaptive radiations or populations showing ecological polymorphism. Salmonids, especially the Salvelinus genus, are renowned for both phenotypic diversity and polymorphism. Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) invaded Icelandic streams during the glacial retreat (about 10,000 years ago) and exhibits many instances of sympatric polymorphism. Particularly, well studied are the four morphs in Lake Þingvallavatn in Iceland. The small benthic (SB), large benthic (LB), planktivorous (PL), and piscivorous (PI) charr differ in many regards, including size, form, and life history traits. To investigate relatedness and genomic differentiation between morphs, we identified variable sites from RNA‐sequencing data from three of those morphs and verified 22 variants in population samples. The data reveal genetic differences between the morphs, with the two benthic morphs being more similar and the PL‐charr more genetically different. The markers with high differentiation map to all linkage groups, suggesting ancient and pervasive genetic separation of these three morphs. Furthermore, GO analyses suggest differences in collagen metabolism, odontogenesis, and sensory systems between PL‐charr and the benthic morphs. Genotyping in population samples from all four morphs confirms the genetic separation and indicates that the PI‐charr are less genetically distinct than the other three morphs. The genetic separation of the other three morphs indicates certain degree of reproductive isolation. The extent of gene flow between the morphs and the nature of reproductive barriers between them remain to be elucidated. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6802010/ /pubmed/31641448 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5516 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Guðbrandsson, Jóhannes Kapralova, Kalina H. Franzdóttir, Sigríður R. Bergsveinsdóttir, Þóra Margrét Hafstað, Völundur Jónsson, Zophonías O. Snorrason, Sigurður S. Pálsson, Arnar Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs |
title | Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs |
title_full | Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs |
title_fullStr | Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs |
title_full_unstemmed | Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs |
title_short | Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs |
title_sort | extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric arctic charr morphs |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6802010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31641448 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5516 |
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