Correlation between abutment angulation and off-axial stresses on biomechanical behavior of titanium and zirconium implants in the anterior maxilla: A three-dimensional finite element analysis study

AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the stress distribution around the titanium and zirconium implant with different abutment angulations in the anterior maxilla to off-axial load. SETTING AND DESIGN: In vitro – Comparative study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two models of titanium and zirconium implants (4 mm × 13 mm) and abutment with at 0°, 15°, 25° angulations were modeled to replace missing right central incisor using three-dimensional finite element analysis. A bite force of 178 N was applied on the lingual fossa of crowns at an angle of 120° off-axial to the long axis of implant. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Nil. RESULTS: Von Misses stresses observed are as follows: (1) at the implant–bone interface Ti 0 (8.31 MPa), Zr 0 (8.57 MPa), Ti 15 (83.59 MPa), Zr 15 (98.07 MPa), Ti 25 (197.8 MPa), and Zr 25 (265.77 MPa); (2) at the implant–abutment interface Ti 0 (5.90 MPa), Zr 0 (6.45 MPa), Ti 15 (19.13 MPa), Zr 15 (19.32 MPa), Ti 25 (38.65 MPa), and Zr 25 (38.26 MPa); and (3) within superstructure Ti 0 (3.11 MPa), Zr 0 (5.02 MPa), Ti 15 (6.17 MPa), Zr 15 (5.02 MPa), Ti 25 (8.15 MPa), and Zr 25 (6.131 Mpa). CONCLUSION: Stress behavior of titanium and zirconium implant with tested abutment angulation at implant–abutment interface and within the superstructure was similar, except at implant–bone interface.