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Bacopasides I and II Act in Synergy to Inhibit the Growth, Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Bacopaside (bac) I and II are triterpene saponins purified from the medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri. Previously, we showed that bac II reduced endothelial cell migration and tube formation and induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects o...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6803832/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193539 |
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author | Palethorpe, Helen M. Smith, Eric Tomita, Yoko Nakhjavani, Maryam Yool, Andrea J. Price, Timothy J. Young, Joanne P. Townsend, Amanda R. Hardingham, Jennifer E. |
author_facet | Palethorpe, Helen M. Smith, Eric Tomita, Yoko Nakhjavani, Maryam Yool, Andrea J. Price, Timothy J. Young, Joanne P. Townsend, Amanda R. Hardingham, Jennifer E. |
author_sort | Palethorpe, Helen M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bacopaside (bac) I and II are triterpene saponins purified from the medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri. Previously, we showed that bac II reduced endothelial cell migration and tube formation and induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of treatment with combined doses of bac I and bac II using four cell lines representative of the breast cancer subtypes: triple negative (MDA-MB-231), estrogen receptor positive (T47D and MCF7) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive (BT-474). Drug treatment outcome measures included cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assays. Relationships were analysed by one- and two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Combined doses of bac I and bac II, each below their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)), were synergistic and reduced the viability and proliferation of the four breast cancer cell lines. Cell loss occurred at the highest dose combinations and was associated with G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Migration in the scratch wound assay was significantly reduced at apoptosis-inducing combinations, but also at non-cytotoxic combinations, for MDA-MB-231 and T47D (p < 0.0001) and BT-474 (p = 0.0003). Non-cytotoxic combinations also significantly reduced spheroid invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells by up to 97% (p < 0.0001). Combining bac I and II below their IC(50) reduced the viability, proliferation, and migration and invasiveness of breast cancer cell lines, suggesting synergy between bac I and II. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6803832 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68038322019-11-18 Bacopasides I and II Act in Synergy to Inhibit the Growth, Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cell Lines Palethorpe, Helen M. Smith, Eric Tomita, Yoko Nakhjavani, Maryam Yool, Andrea J. Price, Timothy J. Young, Joanne P. Townsend, Amanda R. Hardingham, Jennifer E. Molecules Article Bacopaside (bac) I and II are triterpene saponins purified from the medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri. Previously, we showed that bac II reduced endothelial cell migration and tube formation and induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of treatment with combined doses of bac I and bac II using four cell lines representative of the breast cancer subtypes: triple negative (MDA-MB-231), estrogen receptor positive (T47D and MCF7) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive (BT-474). Drug treatment outcome measures included cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assays. Relationships were analysed by one- and two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Combined doses of bac I and bac II, each below their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)), were synergistic and reduced the viability and proliferation of the four breast cancer cell lines. Cell loss occurred at the highest dose combinations and was associated with G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Migration in the scratch wound assay was significantly reduced at apoptosis-inducing combinations, but also at non-cytotoxic combinations, for MDA-MB-231 and T47D (p < 0.0001) and BT-474 (p = 0.0003). Non-cytotoxic combinations also significantly reduced spheroid invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells by up to 97% (p < 0.0001). Combining bac I and II below their IC(50) reduced the viability, proliferation, and migration and invasiveness of breast cancer cell lines, suggesting synergy between bac I and II. MDPI 2019-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6803832/ /pubmed/31574930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193539 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Palethorpe, Helen M. Smith, Eric Tomita, Yoko Nakhjavani, Maryam Yool, Andrea J. Price, Timothy J. Young, Joanne P. Townsend, Amanda R. Hardingham, Jennifer E. Bacopasides I and II Act in Synergy to Inhibit the Growth, Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
title | Bacopasides I and II Act in Synergy to Inhibit the Growth, Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
title_full | Bacopasides I and II Act in Synergy to Inhibit the Growth, Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
title_fullStr | Bacopasides I and II Act in Synergy to Inhibit the Growth, Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
title_full_unstemmed | Bacopasides I and II Act in Synergy to Inhibit the Growth, Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
title_short | Bacopasides I and II Act in Synergy to Inhibit the Growth, Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
title_sort | bacopasides i and ii act in synergy to inhibit the growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cell lines |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6803832/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193539 |
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