Synthesis and Inhibitory Effect of Some Indole‐Pyrimidine Based Hybrid Heterocycles on α‐Glucosidase and α‐Amylase as Potential Hypoglycemic Agents

The Michael addition reaction of barbituric acid with chalcones incorporating the indole scaffold was achieved by using a highly efficient bimetallic Iron–palladium catalyst in the presence of acetylacetone (acac). This catalytic approach produced the desired products in a simple operation and low catalyst loading with acceptable yield of the new hybrids. All tested compounds were subjected for biological activity on α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase. The results revealed that all synthesized compounds exhibited very good activity against both enzymes when compared to positive control (acarbose). Moreover, compound 5o showed the best activity whereas its IC(50) (μM) are 13.02+0.01 and 21.71+0.82 for α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase respectively. Both compounds 5o and 5l exhibited high similarity in binding mode and pose with amylase protein (4UAC). The obtained data may be used for developing potential hypoglycemic agents.