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Mechanism of floral scent production in Osmanthus fragrans and the production and regulation of its key floral constituents, β-ionone and linalool
Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) is among the top ten most well-known flowers in China and is recognized as both an aromatic plant and ornamental flower. Here, manual sectioning, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy of sweet osmanthus petals revealed that larg...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6804851/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31645961 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0189-4 |
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author | Han, Yuanji Wang, Hongyun Wang, Xiaodan Li, Ke Dong, Meifang Li, Yong Zhu, Qian Shang, Fude |
author_facet | Han, Yuanji Wang, Hongyun Wang, Xiaodan Li, Ke Dong, Meifang Li, Yong Zhu, Qian Shang, Fude |
author_sort | Han, Yuanji |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) is among the top ten most well-known flowers in China and is recognized as both an aromatic plant and ornamental flower. Here, manual sectioning, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy of sweet osmanthus petals revealed that large amounts of lipids are present inside the petal cells and on the cell surfaces. However, no secretory structures were observed. Instead, the petal cells protrude slightly outward, and the surfaces of the cells are adorned with highly regular brush-shaped hairs. The surfaces of the ‘Yingui’ petals possessed mostly curled and more numerous hairs, whereas the ‘Dangui’ petals possessed fewer brush-shaped and more sparsely arranged hairs. In addition, many granular substances were attached to the brush-shaped hairs, and the granules were denser on the hairs of the ‘Yingui’ petals compared to the hairs on the ‘Dangui’ petals. Furthermore, 35 aromatic components in the ‘Yingui’ petals and 30 aromatic components in the ‘Dangui’ petals were detected via GC-MS. The main aromatic component of the ‘Yingui’ petals was β-ionone, whereas that of the ‘Dangui’ petals was linalool and its oxides. Transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR indicated that the high β-ionone content in the ‘Yingui’ petals was due to the overexpression of CCD1 and CCD4 and that the high linalool content in the ‘Dangui’ petals was due to the overexpression of MECS, HDR, IDI1, and LIS1, which function upstream of the linalool synthetic pathway. In particular, the expression levels of CCD4 and LIS1 were upregulated by 5.5- and 5.1-fold in the ‘Yingui’ and ‘Dangui’ petals, respectively. One transcription factor (ERF61) was cloned and named, and the expression pattern of ERF61 in sweet osmanthus petals was found to be generally consistent with that of CCD4. Tobacco transformation experiments, yeast one-hybrid experiments, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that ERF61 binds to the CCD4 promoter and stimulates CCD4 expression, thereby regulating the synthesis of β-ionone in sweet osmanthus petals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6804851 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68048512019-10-23 Mechanism of floral scent production in Osmanthus fragrans and the production and regulation of its key floral constituents, β-ionone and linalool Han, Yuanji Wang, Hongyun Wang, Xiaodan Li, Ke Dong, Meifang Li, Yong Zhu, Qian Shang, Fude Hortic Res Article Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) is among the top ten most well-known flowers in China and is recognized as both an aromatic plant and ornamental flower. Here, manual sectioning, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy of sweet osmanthus petals revealed that large amounts of lipids are present inside the petal cells and on the cell surfaces. However, no secretory structures were observed. Instead, the petal cells protrude slightly outward, and the surfaces of the cells are adorned with highly regular brush-shaped hairs. The surfaces of the ‘Yingui’ petals possessed mostly curled and more numerous hairs, whereas the ‘Dangui’ petals possessed fewer brush-shaped and more sparsely arranged hairs. In addition, many granular substances were attached to the brush-shaped hairs, and the granules were denser on the hairs of the ‘Yingui’ petals compared to the hairs on the ‘Dangui’ petals. Furthermore, 35 aromatic components in the ‘Yingui’ petals and 30 aromatic components in the ‘Dangui’ petals were detected via GC-MS. The main aromatic component of the ‘Yingui’ petals was β-ionone, whereas that of the ‘Dangui’ petals was linalool and its oxides. Transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR indicated that the high β-ionone content in the ‘Yingui’ petals was due to the overexpression of CCD1 and CCD4 and that the high linalool content in the ‘Dangui’ petals was due to the overexpression of MECS, HDR, IDI1, and LIS1, which function upstream of the linalool synthetic pathway. In particular, the expression levels of CCD4 and LIS1 were upregulated by 5.5- and 5.1-fold in the ‘Yingui’ and ‘Dangui’ petals, respectively. One transcription factor (ERF61) was cloned and named, and the expression pattern of ERF61 in sweet osmanthus petals was found to be generally consistent with that of CCD4. Tobacco transformation experiments, yeast one-hybrid experiments, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that ERF61 binds to the CCD4 promoter and stimulates CCD4 expression, thereby regulating the synthesis of β-ionone in sweet osmanthus petals. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6804851/ /pubmed/31645961 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0189-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Han, Yuanji Wang, Hongyun Wang, Xiaodan Li, Ke Dong, Meifang Li, Yong Zhu, Qian Shang, Fude Mechanism of floral scent production in Osmanthus fragrans and the production and regulation of its key floral constituents, β-ionone and linalool |
title | Mechanism of floral scent production in Osmanthus fragrans and the production and regulation of its key floral constituents, β-ionone and linalool |
title_full | Mechanism of floral scent production in Osmanthus fragrans and the production and regulation of its key floral constituents, β-ionone and linalool |
title_fullStr | Mechanism of floral scent production in Osmanthus fragrans and the production and regulation of its key floral constituents, β-ionone and linalool |
title_full_unstemmed | Mechanism of floral scent production in Osmanthus fragrans and the production and regulation of its key floral constituents, β-ionone and linalool |
title_short | Mechanism of floral scent production in Osmanthus fragrans and the production and regulation of its key floral constituents, β-ionone and linalool |
title_sort | mechanism of floral scent production in osmanthus fragrans and the production and regulation of its key floral constituents, β-ionone and linalool |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6804851/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31645961 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0189-4 |
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