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What has zinc transporter 8 autoimmunity taught us about type 1 diabetes?

Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), a protein highly specific to pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells, is vital for the biosynthesis and secretion of insulin. ZnT8 autoantibodies (ZnT8A) are among the most recently discovered and least-characterised islet autoantibodies. In combination with autoantibodies...

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Autores principales: Williams, Claire L., Long, Anna E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6805822/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31444530
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-04975-x
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author Williams, Claire L.
Long, Anna E.
author_facet Williams, Claire L.
Long, Anna E.
author_sort Williams, Claire L.
collection PubMed
description Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), a protein highly specific to pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells, is vital for the biosynthesis and secretion of insulin. ZnT8 autoantibodies (ZnT8A) are among the most recently discovered and least-characterised islet autoantibodies. In combination with autoantibodies to several other islet antigens, including insulin, ZnT8A help predict risk of future type 1 diabetes. Often, ZnT8A appear later in the pathogenic process leading to type 1 diabetes, suggesting that the antigen is recognised as part of the spreading, rather than the initial, autoimmune response. The development of autoantibodies to different forms of ZnT8 depends on the genotype of an individual for a polymorphic ZnT8 residue. This genetic variant is associated with susceptibility to type 2 but not type 1 diabetes. Levels of ZnT8A often fall rapidly after diagnosis while other islet autoantibodies can persist for many years. In this review, we consider the contribution made by ZnT8 to our understanding of type 1 diabetes over the past decade and what remains to be investigated in future research. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00125-019-04975-x) contains a slideset of the figures for download, which is available to authorised users.
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spelling pubmed-68058222019-11-05 What has zinc transporter 8 autoimmunity taught us about type 1 diabetes? Williams, Claire L. Long, Anna E. Diabetologia Review Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), a protein highly specific to pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells, is vital for the biosynthesis and secretion of insulin. ZnT8 autoantibodies (ZnT8A) are among the most recently discovered and least-characterised islet autoantibodies. In combination with autoantibodies to several other islet antigens, including insulin, ZnT8A help predict risk of future type 1 diabetes. Often, ZnT8A appear later in the pathogenic process leading to type 1 diabetes, suggesting that the antigen is recognised as part of the spreading, rather than the initial, autoimmune response. The development of autoantibodies to different forms of ZnT8 depends on the genotype of an individual for a polymorphic ZnT8 residue. This genetic variant is associated with susceptibility to type 2 but not type 1 diabetes. Levels of ZnT8A often fall rapidly after diagnosis while other islet autoantibodies can persist for many years. In this review, we consider the contribution made by ZnT8 to our understanding of type 1 diabetes over the past decade and what remains to be investigated in future research. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00125-019-04975-x) contains a slideset of the figures for download, which is available to authorised users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019-08-23 2019 /pmc/articles/PMC6805822/ /pubmed/31444530 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-04975-x Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Review
Williams, Claire L.
Long, Anna E.
What has zinc transporter 8 autoimmunity taught us about type 1 diabetes?
title What has zinc transporter 8 autoimmunity taught us about type 1 diabetes?
title_full What has zinc transporter 8 autoimmunity taught us about type 1 diabetes?
title_fullStr What has zinc transporter 8 autoimmunity taught us about type 1 diabetes?
title_full_unstemmed What has zinc transporter 8 autoimmunity taught us about type 1 diabetes?
title_short What has zinc transporter 8 autoimmunity taught us about type 1 diabetes?
title_sort what has zinc transporter 8 autoimmunity taught us about type 1 diabetes?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6805822/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31444530
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-04975-x
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