2851. Impact of Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections on Outcomes Among Pediatric Hospitalizations in the United States, 2009–2016

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) are more challenging to treat and may be associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. However, no recent studies have assessed the impact of pediatric AMR GNBSIs on outcomes. This study’s objective was to analyze the impact of AMR GNBSIs on mortality, length of stay (LOS), and costs among pediatric hospital admissions in the United States. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients ages < 19 from the Premier Healthcare Database (2009–2016) limited to hospitals reporting ≥4 years of blood culture data and to encounters with susceptibility testing among the five most common laboratory-confirmed GNBSIs. AMR was defined per pathogen according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Outcomes mortality, LOS, and total patient encounter costs were compared between AMR and susceptible GNBSIs using Bayesian hierarchical regression modeling, which allowed us to analyze outcomes at the pathogen-level and to incorporate adjustment for confounding factors in order to produce risk-adjusted average differences or risk ratios (RR), and corresponding 95% credible intervals (CrI). RESULTS: Among 1,279 GNBSI encounters with susceptibility testing from 104 hospitals, 153 (12%) were AMR, but varied by pathogen. AMR GNBSI occurred more often among non-neonates (62% vs. 51%); non-neonates more often had hospital-acquired infections (27% vs. 13%) or were transferred from a healthcare facility (16% vs. 10%) vs. susceptible GNBSIs. The adjusted RR for mortality was 1.31 (95% CrI 0.62, 3.07) and adjusted average differences for LOS were 6.8 days (95% CrI: −0.3, 16.3) and for cost $23800 (95% CrI $400, $53900) comparing AMR to susceptible GNBSIs. CONCLUSION: This study analyzed the impact of AMR GNBSIs, which were rare, on pediatric patient outcomes using laboratory-confirmed GNBSIs with susceptibility results and advanced statistical methods, finding the greatest impact of pediatric AMR on costs. Knowing the impact of AMR GNBSIs can help improve management of these serious infections, increase clinician and patient awareness of the issue, and further strengthen evidence for justifying pediatric antimicrobial stewardship. DISCLOSURES: All Authors: No reported Disclosures.