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Identification and Analysis of the GASR Gene Family in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Characterization of TaGASR34, a Gene Associated With Seed Dormancy and Germination
Seed dormancy and germination are important agronomic traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) because they determine pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance and thus affect grain production. These processes are regulated by Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Regulator (GASR) genes. In this study, we identifi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6813915/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31681420 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00980 |
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author | Cheng, Xinran Wang, Shengxing Xu, Dongmei Liu, Xue Li, Xinyu Xiao, Weiwei Cao, Jiajia Jiang, Hao Min, Xiaoyu Wang, Jianfeng Zhang, Haiping Chang, Cheng Lu, Jie Ma, Chuanxi |
author_facet | Cheng, Xinran Wang, Shengxing Xu, Dongmei Liu, Xue Li, Xinyu Xiao, Weiwei Cao, Jiajia Jiang, Hao Min, Xiaoyu Wang, Jianfeng Zhang, Haiping Chang, Cheng Lu, Jie Ma, Chuanxi |
author_sort | Cheng, Xinran |
collection | PubMed |
description | Seed dormancy and germination are important agronomic traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) because they determine pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance and thus affect grain production. These processes are regulated by Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Regulator (GASR) genes. In this study, we identified 37 GASR genes in common wheat, which were designated TaGASR1-37. Moreover, we identified 40 pairs of paralogous genes, of which only one had a Ka/Ks value greater than 1, indicating that most TaGASR genes have undergone negative selection. Chromosomal location and duplication analysis revealed 25 pairs of segmentally duplicated genes and seven pairs of tandemly duplicated genes, suggesting that large-scale duplication events may have contributed to the expansion of TaGASR gene family. Microarray analysis of the expression of 18 TaGASR genes indicated that these genes play diverse roles in different biological processes. Using wheat varieties with contrasting seed dormancy phenotypes, we investigated the expression patterns of TaGASR genes and the corresponding seed germination index phenotypes in response to water imbibition, exogenous ABA and GA treatment, and low- and high-temperature treatment. Based on these data, we identified the TaGASR34 gene as potentially associated with seed dormancy and germination. Further, we used a SNP mutation of the TaGASR34 promoter (-16) to develop the CAPS marker GS34-7B, which was then used to validate the association of TaGASR34 with seed dormancy and germination by evaluating two natural populations across environments. Notably, the frequency of the high-dormancy GS34-7Bb allele was significantly lower than that of the low-dormancy GS34-7Ba allele, implying that the favorable GS34-7Bb allele has not previously been used in wheat breeding. These results provide valuable information for further functional analysis of TaGASR genes and present a useful gene and marker combination for future improvement of PHS resistance in wheat. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6813915 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68139152019-11-01 Identification and Analysis of the GASR Gene Family in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Characterization of TaGASR34, a Gene Associated With Seed Dormancy and Germination Cheng, Xinran Wang, Shengxing Xu, Dongmei Liu, Xue Li, Xinyu Xiao, Weiwei Cao, Jiajia Jiang, Hao Min, Xiaoyu Wang, Jianfeng Zhang, Haiping Chang, Cheng Lu, Jie Ma, Chuanxi Front Genet Genetics Seed dormancy and germination are important agronomic traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) because they determine pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance and thus affect grain production. These processes are regulated by Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Regulator (GASR) genes. In this study, we identified 37 GASR genes in common wheat, which were designated TaGASR1-37. Moreover, we identified 40 pairs of paralogous genes, of which only one had a Ka/Ks value greater than 1, indicating that most TaGASR genes have undergone negative selection. Chromosomal location and duplication analysis revealed 25 pairs of segmentally duplicated genes and seven pairs of tandemly duplicated genes, suggesting that large-scale duplication events may have contributed to the expansion of TaGASR gene family. Microarray analysis of the expression of 18 TaGASR genes indicated that these genes play diverse roles in different biological processes. Using wheat varieties with contrasting seed dormancy phenotypes, we investigated the expression patterns of TaGASR genes and the corresponding seed germination index phenotypes in response to water imbibition, exogenous ABA and GA treatment, and low- and high-temperature treatment. Based on these data, we identified the TaGASR34 gene as potentially associated with seed dormancy and germination. Further, we used a SNP mutation of the TaGASR34 promoter (-16) to develop the CAPS marker GS34-7B, which was then used to validate the association of TaGASR34 with seed dormancy and germination by evaluating two natural populations across environments. Notably, the frequency of the high-dormancy GS34-7Bb allele was significantly lower than that of the low-dormancy GS34-7Ba allele, implying that the favorable GS34-7Bb allele has not previously been used in wheat breeding. These results provide valuable information for further functional analysis of TaGASR genes and present a useful gene and marker combination for future improvement of PHS resistance in wheat. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6813915/ /pubmed/31681420 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00980 Text en Copyright © 2019 Cheng, Wang, Xu, Liu, Li, Xiao, Cao, Jiang, Min, Wang, Zhang, Chang, Lu and Ma http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Genetics Cheng, Xinran Wang, Shengxing Xu, Dongmei Liu, Xue Li, Xinyu Xiao, Weiwei Cao, Jiajia Jiang, Hao Min, Xiaoyu Wang, Jianfeng Zhang, Haiping Chang, Cheng Lu, Jie Ma, Chuanxi Identification and Analysis of the GASR Gene Family in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Characterization of TaGASR34, a Gene Associated With Seed Dormancy and Germination |
title | Identification and Analysis of the GASR Gene Family in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Characterization of TaGASR34, a Gene Associated With Seed Dormancy and Germination |
title_full | Identification and Analysis of the GASR Gene Family in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Characterization of TaGASR34, a Gene Associated With Seed Dormancy and Germination |
title_fullStr | Identification and Analysis of the GASR Gene Family in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Characterization of TaGASR34, a Gene Associated With Seed Dormancy and Germination |
title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Analysis of the GASR Gene Family in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Characterization of TaGASR34, a Gene Associated With Seed Dormancy and Germination |
title_short | Identification and Analysis of the GASR Gene Family in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Characterization of TaGASR34, a Gene Associated With Seed Dormancy and Germination |
title_sort | identification and analysis of the gasr gene family in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and characterization of tagasr34, a gene associated with seed dormancy and germination |
topic | Genetics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6813915/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31681420 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00980 |
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