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Toward the Baltic Sea Socioeconomic Action Plan
This paper analyzes the main weaknesses and key avenues for improvement of nutrient policies in the Baltic Sea region. HELCOM’s Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), accepted by the Baltic Sea countries in 2007, was based on an innovative ecological modeling of the Baltic Sea environment and addressed the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Netherlands
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6814647/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31605370 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01264-0 |
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author | Ollikainen, Markku Hasler, Berit Elofsson, Katarina Iho, Antti Andersen, Hans E. Czajkowski, Mikołaj Peterson, Kaja |
author_facet | Ollikainen, Markku Hasler, Berit Elofsson, Katarina Iho, Antti Andersen, Hans E. Czajkowski, Mikołaj Peterson, Kaja |
author_sort | Ollikainen, Markku |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper analyzes the main weaknesses and key avenues for improvement of nutrient policies in the Baltic Sea region. HELCOM’s Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), accepted by the Baltic Sea countries in 2007, was based on an innovative ecological modeling of the Baltic Sea environment and addressed the impact of the combination of riverine loading and transfer of nutrients on the ecological status of the sea and its sub-basins. We argue, however, that the assigned country-specific targets of nutrient loading do not reach the same level of sophistication, because they are not based on careful economic and policy analysis. We show an increasing gap between the state-of-the-art policy alternatives and the existing command-and-control-based approaches to the protection of the Baltic Sea environment and outline the most important steps for a Baltic Sea Socioeconomic Action Plan. It is time to raise the socioeconomic design of nutrient policies to the same level of sophistication as the ecological foundations of the BSAP. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6814647 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Springer Netherlands |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68146472019-11-06 Toward the Baltic Sea Socioeconomic Action Plan Ollikainen, Markku Hasler, Berit Elofsson, Katarina Iho, Antti Andersen, Hans E. Czajkowski, Mikołaj Peterson, Kaja Ambio Ecosystem Governance in the Baltic Sea This paper analyzes the main weaknesses and key avenues for improvement of nutrient policies in the Baltic Sea region. HELCOM’s Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), accepted by the Baltic Sea countries in 2007, was based on an innovative ecological modeling of the Baltic Sea environment and addressed the impact of the combination of riverine loading and transfer of nutrients on the ecological status of the sea and its sub-basins. We argue, however, that the assigned country-specific targets of nutrient loading do not reach the same level of sophistication, because they are not based on careful economic and policy analysis. We show an increasing gap between the state-of-the-art policy alternatives and the existing command-and-control-based approaches to the protection of the Baltic Sea environment and outline the most important steps for a Baltic Sea Socioeconomic Action Plan. It is time to raise the socioeconomic design of nutrient policies to the same level of sophistication as the ecological foundations of the BSAP. Springer Netherlands 2019-10-11 2019-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6814647/ /pubmed/31605370 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01264-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Ecosystem Governance in the Baltic Sea Ollikainen, Markku Hasler, Berit Elofsson, Katarina Iho, Antti Andersen, Hans E. Czajkowski, Mikołaj Peterson, Kaja Toward the Baltic Sea Socioeconomic Action Plan |
title | Toward the Baltic Sea Socioeconomic Action Plan |
title_full | Toward the Baltic Sea Socioeconomic Action Plan |
title_fullStr | Toward the Baltic Sea Socioeconomic Action Plan |
title_full_unstemmed | Toward the Baltic Sea Socioeconomic Action Plan |
title_short | Toward the Baltic Sea Socioeconomic Action Plan |
title_sort | toward the baltic sea socioeconomic action plan |
topic | Ecosystem Governance in the Baltic Sea |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6814647/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31605370 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01264-0 |
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