Prevalence and risk factors for pelvic floor disorders during early and late pregnancy in a cohort of Austrian women

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) in a cohort of Austrian women either during their early or late pregnancy and to search for clinical risk factors which correlate with pelvic floor symptoms during pregnancy. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted and 200 pregnant women answered the validated German pelvic floor questionnaire during their first or third trimenon of gestation. Furthermore, a multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine independent risk factors for PFDs after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: 96/200 (48%) women reported psychological strain in at least 1 of the 4 pelvic floor domains while the remaining 104 women (52%) were asymptomatic. Affected women showed a significant higher BMI, a more frequent positive family history and a higher rate of multiple pregnancies was noted compared to asymptomatic women (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a statistically significant positive correlation could be observed between BMI, smoking and mean bladder score as well as mean prolapse score, signifying more symptom bother from bladder and prolapse in smokers with high BMI. A significant positive correlation was also detected between mean bowel score and parity. In the multivariate model, high BMI (CI 1.013–1.143), positive family history (CI 0.044–0.260) and multiple pregnancies (CI 0.011–0.244) remained independently associated with pelvic floor symptoms (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that pelvic floor-related quality of life during pregnancy is a prevalent condition which is strongly affected by the expectant mother’s weight as well as her family history. In addition, women with multiple pregnancies seem to be at increased risk.