免疫检查点抑制剂相关血液毒性处理的临床诊疗建议

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are able to reactivate the immune system therefore enhance the anti-tumor effects. However, over-activated T cells may induce immune related adverse events (irAEs). Hematological irAEs are rarely reported, which mainly represent as mono-lineage cytopenia or pancytopenia, including autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), neutropenia and aplastic anemia, sometimes even lethal, such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The clinical manifestations of hematological irAEs will be summarized and recommendations of diagnosis and treatment are proposed.