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Impaired processing of threat in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of factorial data in male offender populations
BACKGROUND: Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterised by two underlying factors. Factor 1 (affective and interpersonal deficits) captures affective deficits, whilst Factor 2 (antisocial and impulsive/disorganised behaviours) captures life course persistent antisocial behaviours. Impaired p...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6818800/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31661520 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224455 |
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author | Kozhuharova, Petya Dickson, Hannah Tully, John Blackwood, Nigel |
author_facet | Kozhuharova, Petya Dickson, Hannah Tully, John Blackwood, Nigel |
author_sort | Kozhuharova, Petya |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterised by two underlying factors. Factor 1 (affective and interpersonal deficits) captures affective deficits, whilst Factor 2 (antisocial and impulsive/disorganised behaviours) captures life course persistent antisocial behaviours. Impaired processing of threat has been proposed as an aetiologically salient factor in the development of psychopathy, but the relationship of this impairment to the factorial structure of the disorder in adult male offenders is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether threat processing deficits are characteristic of psychopathy as a unitary construct or whether such deficits are specifically linked to higher scores on individual factors. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO. METHODS: Studies were included if they (1) reported physiological measures of threat response as the primary outcome measure (2) indexed psychopathy using a well-validated clinician rated instrument such as the PCL-R (3) investigated male offenders between 18 and 60 years of age (4) reported threat processing analyses using both Factor 1 and Factor 2 scores (5) provided sufficient data to calculate effect sizes and (6) were published in English-language peer-reviewed journals. We identified twelve studies with data on 1112 participants for the meta-analysis of the relationship with Factor 1 scores, and nine studies with data on 801 participants for the meta-analysis of the relationship with Factor 2 scores. We conducted the meta-analyses to calculate correlations using random-effects models. RESULTS: PCL-R/SV Factor 1 scores were significantly and negatively related to threat processing indices (r = -0.22, (95%CI [-0.28, -.017]). Neither PCL-R/SV Factor 2 scores (r = -0.005, 95%CI [-0.10, 0.09]), nor PCL-R total score (r = -0.05, (95%CI [-0.15, -0.04]) were related to threat processing indices. No significant heterogeneity was detected for the Factor score results. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analyses of the distinct psychopathy factors suggest that the threat processing deficits observed in male offenders with psychopathy are significantly associated with higher scores on Factor 1. A similar relationship does not exist with Factor 2 scores. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the potentially discrete relationships between aetiological variables and the two factor constructs in the disorder. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6818800 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68188002019-11-01 Impaired processing of threat in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of factorial data in male offender populations Kozhuharova, Petya Dickson, Hannah Tully, John Blackwood, Nigel PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterised by two underlying factors. Factor 1 (affective and interpersonal deficits) captures affective deficits, whilst Factor 2 (antisocial and impulsive/disorganised behaviours) captures life course persistent antisocial behaviours. Impaired processing of threat has been proposed as an aetiologically salient factor in the development of psychopathy, but the relationship of this impairment to the factorial structure of the disorder in adult male offenders is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether threat processing deficits are characteristic of psychopathy as a unitary construct or whether such deficits are specifically linked to higher scores on individual factors. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO. METHODS: Studies were included if they (1) reported physiological measures of threat response as the primary outcome measure (2) indexed psychopathy using a well-validated clinician rated instrument such as the PCL-R (3) investigated male offenders between 18 and 60 years of age (4) reported threat processing analyses using both Factor 1 and Factor 2 scores (5) provided sufficient data to calculate effect sizes and (6) were published in English-language peer-reviewed journals. We identified twelve studies with data on 1112 participants for the meta-analysis of the relationship with Factor 1 scores, and nine studies with data on 801 participants for the meta-analysis of the relationship with Factor 2 scores. We conducted the meta-analyses to calculate correlations using random-effects models. RESULTS: PCL-R/SV Factor 1 scores were significantly and negatively related to threat processing indices (r = -0.22, (95%CI [-0.28, -.017]). Neither PCL-R/SV Factor 2 scores (r = -0.005, 95%CI [-0.10, 0.09]), nor PCL-R total score (r = -0.05, (95%CI [-0.15, -0.04]) were related to threat processing indices. No significant heterogeneity was detected for the Factor score results. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analyses of the distinct psychopathy factors suggest that the threat processing deficits observed in male offenders with psychopathy are significantly associated with higher scores on Factor 1. A similar relationship does not exist with Factor 2 scores. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the potentially discrete relationships between aetiological variables and the two factor constructs in the disorder. Public Library of Science 2019-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6818800/ /pubmed/31661520 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224455 Text en © 2019 Kozhuharova et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kozhuharova, Petya Dickson, Hannah Tully, John Blackwood, Nigel Impaired processing of threat in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of factorial data in male offender populations |
title | Impaired processing of threat in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of factorial data in male offender populations |
title_full | Impaired processing of threat in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of factorial data in male offender populations |
title_fullStr | Impaired processing of threat in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of factorial data in male offender populations |
title_full_unstemmed | Impaired processing of threat in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of factorial data in male offender populations |
title_short | Impaired processing of threat in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of factorial data in male offender populations |
title_sort | impaired processing of threat in psychopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of factorial data in male offender populations |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6818800/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31661520 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224455 |
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