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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer: From Identification to Management
Benefiting from the continuously clarifying underlying biology of immune checkpoints and ligand–receptor interactions, the emergence of new anticancer treatment strategy, immunotherapy has shown substantial benefits on several liquid and solid tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can block th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6819434/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31708780 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01254 |
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author | Wang, Haiyang Mustafa, Abdulkadir Liu, Shixi Liu, Jun Lv, Dan Yang, Hui Zou, Jian |
author_facet | Wang, Haiyang Mustafa, Abdulkadir Liu, Shixi Liu, Jun Lv, Dan Yang, Hui Zou, Jian |
author_sort | Wang, Haiyang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Benefiting from the continuously clarifying underlying biology of immune checkpoints and ligand–receptor interactions, the emergence of new anticancer treatment strategy, immunotherapy has shown substantial benefits on several liquid and solid tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can block the negative regulatory components and enhance the T cell function, thus leading to prominent anticancer activity. On account of their promising effect on various malignancies shown in clinical trials, ICIs have been considered to be the most potent anticancer agents in the near future. Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common neoplasm worldwide, and the gross 5-year survival rate was only 60%. Managing locoregionally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic head and neck tumors is still a challenging problem for both oncologists and surgeons. Recent clinical trials employing the immune-modulating antibodies that target cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) herald a new era of anticancer therapy. However, like all other anticancer drugs, ICIs also have side effects while upregulating the immune system to enhance antitumor response, which were known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Generally, most irAEs were transient, but sometimes they can cause serious organ dysfunction, even fatal. In addition, due to the distinct anatomical feature, advanced head and neck tumors often affect the upper aerodigestive tract and cause serious dyspnea or dysphagia. Toxicities of ICIs may be more lethal for such patients. Thus, with the increasing application of anti-checkpoint agents in head and neck cancer, there is urgent need to ascertain the safety of this novel treatment strategy. Here, we compile this review of existing clinical trials on the toxicity of ICIs during cancer treatment. The particular clinical manifestation, characteristics of complication development in fatal cases, and the management strategies were discussed. This may provide vital information for future oncology trials and clinical practice. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6819434 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68194342019-11-08 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer: From Identification to Management Wang, Haiyang Mustafa, Abdulkadir Liu, Shixi Liu, Jun Lv, Dan Yang, Hui Zou, Jian Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Benefiting from the continuously clarifying underlying biology of immune checkpoints and ligand–receptor interactions, the emergence of new anticancer treatment strategy, immunotherapy has shown substantial benefits on several liquid and solid tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can block the negative regulatory components and enhance the T cell function, thus leading to prominent anticancer activity. On account of their promising effect on various malignancies shown in clinical trials, ICIs have been considered to be the most potent anticancer agents in the near future. Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common neoplasm worldwide, and the gross 5-year survival rate was only 60%. Managing locoregionally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic head and neck tumors is still a challenging problem for both oncologists and surgeons. Recent clinical trials employing the immune-modulating antibodies that target cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) herald a new era of anticancer therapy. However, like all other anticancer drugs, ICIs also have side effects while upregulating the immune system to enhance antitumor response, which were known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Generally, most irAEs were transient, but sometimes they can cause serious organ dysfunction, even fatal. In addition, due to the distinct anatomical feature, advanced head and neck tumors often affect the upper aerodigestive tract and cause serious dyspnea or dysphagia. Toxicities of ICIs may be more lethal for such patients. Thus, with the increasing application of anti-checkpoint agents in head and neck cancer, there is urgent need to ascertain the safety of this novel treatment strategy. Here, we compile this review of existing clinical trials on the toxicity of ICIs during cancer treatment. The particular clinical manifestation, characteristics of complication development in fatal cases, and the management strategies were discussed. This may provide vital information for future oncology trials and clinical practice. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-10-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6819434/ /pubmed/31708780 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01254 Text en Copyright © 2019 Wang, Mustafa, Liu, Liu, Lv, Yang and Zou http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Wang, Haiyang Mustafa, Abdulkadir Liu, Shixi Liu, Jun Lv, Dan Yang, Hui Zou, Jian Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer: From Identification to Management |
title | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer: From Identification to Management |
title_full | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer: From Identification to Management |
title_fullStr | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer: From Identification to Management |
title_full_unstemmed | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer: From Identification to Management |
title_short | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer: From Identification to Management |
title_sort | immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity in head and neck cancer: from identification to management |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6819434/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31708780 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01254 |
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