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Inflammatory responses to a pathogenic West Nile virus strain

BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) circulates across Australia and was referred to historically as Kunjin virus (WNV(KUN)). WNV(KUN) has been considered more benign than other WNV strains circulating globally. In 2011, a more virulent form of the virus emerged during an outbreak of equine arboviral d...

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Autores principales: Huang, Bixing, West, Nic, Vider, Jelena, Zhang, Ping, Griffiths, Rebecca E., Wolvetang, Ernst, Burtonclay, Peter, Warrilow, David
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6819652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31664929
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4471-8
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author Huang, Bixing
West, Nic
Vider, Jelena
Zhang, Ping
Griffiths, Rebecca E.
Wolvetang, Ernst
Burtonclay, Peter
Warrilow, David
author_facet Huang, Bixing
West, Nic
Vider, Jelena
Zhang, Ping
Griffiths, Rebecca E.
Wolvetang, Ernst
Burtonclay, Peter
Warrilow, David
author_sort Huang, Bixing
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) circulates across Australia and was referred to historically as Kunjin virus (WNV(KUN)). WNV(KUN) has been considered more benign than other WNV strains circulating globally. In 2011, a more virulent form of the virus emerged during an outbreak of equine arboviral disease in Australia. METHODS: To better understand the emergence of this virulent phenotype and the mechanism by which pathogenicity is manifested in its host, cells were infected with either the virulent strain (NSW2012), or less pathogenic historical isolates, and their innate immune responses compared by digital immune gene expression profiling. Two different cell systems were used: a neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH cells) and neuronal cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). RESULTS: Significant innate immune gene induction was observed in both systems. The NSW2012 isolate induced higher gene expression of two genes (IL-8 and CCL2) when compared with cells infected with less pathogenic isolates. Pathway analysis of induced inflammation-associated genes also indicated generally higher activation in infected NSW2012 cells. However, this differential response was not paralleled in the neuronal cultures. CONCLUSION: NSW2012 may have unique genetic characteristics which contributed to the outbreak. The data herein is consistent with the possibility that the virulence of NSW2012 is underpinned by increased induction of inflammatory genes.
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spelling pubmed-68196522019-10-31 Inflammatory responses to a pathogenic West Nile virus strain Huang, Bixing West, Nic Vider, Jelena Zhang, Ping Griffiths, Rebecca E. Wolvetang, Ernst Burtonclay, Peter Warrilow, David BMC Infect Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) circulates across Australia and was referred to historically as Kunjin virus (WNV(KUN)). WNV(KUN) has been considered more benign than other WNV strains circulating globally. In 2011, a more virulent form of the virus emerged during an outbreak of equine arboviral disease in Australia. METHODS: To better understand the emergence of this virulent phenotype and the mechanism by which pathogenicity is manifested in its host, cells were infected with either the virulent strain (NSW2012), or less pathogenic historical isolates, and their innate immune responses compared by digital immune gene expression profiling. Two different cell systems were used: a neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH cells) and neuronal cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). RESULTS: Significant innate immune gene induction was observed in both systems. The NSW2012 isolate induced higher gene expression of two genes (IL-8 and CCL2) when compared with cells infected with less pathogenic isolates. Pathway analysis of induced inflammation-associated genes also indicated generally higher activation in infected NSW2012 cells. However, this differential response was not paralleled in the neuronal cultures. CONCLUSION: NSW2012 may have unique genetic characteristics which contributed to the outbreak. The data herein is consistent with the possibility that the virulence of NSW2012 is underpinned by increased induction of inflammatory genes. BioMed Central 2019-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6819652/ /pubmed/31664929 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4471-8 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Huang, Bixing
West, Nic
Vider, Jelena
Zhang, Ping
Griffiths, Rebecca E.
Wolvetang, Ernst
Burtonclay, Peter
Warrilow, David
Inflammatory responses to a pathogenic West Nile virus strain
title Inflammatory responses to a pathogenic West Nile virus strain
title_full Inflammatory responses to a pathogenic West Nile virus strain
title_fullStr Inflammatory responses to a pathogenic West Nile virus strain
title_full_unstemmed Inflammatory responses to a pathogenic West Nile virus strain
title_short Inflammatory responses to a pathogenic West Nile virus strain
title_sort inflammatory responses to a pathogenic west nile virus strain
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6819652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31664929
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4471-8
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