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Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain

Despite efficient combination of the antiretroviral therapy (cART), which significantly decreased mortality and morbidity of HIV-1 infection, a definitive HIV cure has not been achieved. Hidden HIV-1 in cellular and anatomic reservoirs is the major hurdle toward a functional cure. Microglial cells,...

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Autores principales: Wallet, Clementine, De Rovere, Marco, Van Assche, Jeanne, Daouad, Fadoua, De Wit, Stéphane, Gautier, Virginie, Mallon, Patrick W. G., Marcello, Alessandro, Van Lint, Carine, Rohr, Olivier, Schwartz, Christian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6821723/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31709195
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00362
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author Wallet, Clementine
De Rovere, Marco
Van Assche, Jeanne
Daouad, Fadoua
De Wit, Stéphane
Gautier, Virginie
Mallon, Patrick W. G.
Marcello, Alessandro
Van Lint, Carine
Rohr, Olivier
Schwartz, Christian
author_facet Wallet, Clementine
De Rovere, Marco
Van Assche, Jeanne
Daouad, Fadoua
De Wit, Stéphane
Gautier, Virginie
Mallon, Patrick W. G.
Marcello, Alessandro
Van Lint, Carine
Rohr, Olivier
Schwartz, Christian
author_sort Wallet, Clementine
collection PubMed
description Despite efficient combination of the antiretroviral therapy (cART), which significantly decreased mortality and morbidity of HIV-1 infection, a definitive HIV cure has not been achieved. Hidden HIV-1 in cellular and anatomic reservoirs is the major hurdle toward a functional cure. Microglial cells, the Central Nervous system (CNS) resident macrophages, are one of the major cellular reservoirs of latent HIV-1. These cells are believed to be involved in the emergence of drugs resistance and reseeding peripheral tissues. Moreover, these long-life reservoirs are also involved in the development of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive diseases (HAND). Clearing these infected cells from the brain is therefore crucial to achieve a cure. However, many characteristics of microglial cells and the CNS hinder the eradication of these brain reservoirs. Better understandings of the specific molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 latency in microglial cells should help to design new molecules and new strategies preventing HAND and achieving HIV cure. Moreover, new strategies are needed to circumvent the limitations associated to anatomical sanctuaries with barriers such as the blood brain barrier (BBB) that reduce the access of drugs.
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spelling pubmed-68217232019-11-08 Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain Wallet, Clementine De Rovere, Marco Van Assche, Jeanne Daouad, Fadoua De Wit, Stéphane Gautier, Virginie Mallon, Patrick W. G. Marcello, Alessandro Van Lint, Carine Rohr, Olivier Schwartz, Christian Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Despite efficient combination of the antiretroviral therapy (cART), which significantly decreased mortality and morbidity of HIV-1 infection, a definitive HIV cure has not been achieved. Hidden HIV-1 in cellular and anatomic reservoirs is the major hurdle toward a functional cure. Microglial cells, the Central Nervous system (CNS) resident macrophages, are one of the major cellular reservoirs of latent HIV-1. These cells are believed to be involved in the emergence of drugs resistance and reseeding peripheral tissues. Moreover, these long-life reservoirs are also involved in the development of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive diseases (HAND). Clearing these infected cells from the brain is therefore crucial to achieve a cure. However, many characteristics of microglial cells and the CNS hinder the eradication of these brain reservoirs. Better understandings of the specific molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 latency in microglial cells should help to design new molecules and new strategies preventing HAND and achieving HIV cure. Moreover, new strategies are needed to circumvent the limitations associated to anatomical sanctuaries with barriers such as the blood brain barrier (BBB) that reduce the access of drugs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6821723/ /pubmed/31709195 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00362 Text en Copyright © 2019 Wallet, De Rovere, Van Assche, Daouad, De Wit, Gautier, Mallon, Marcello, Van Lint, Rohr and Schwartz. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Wallet, Clementine
De Rovere, Marco
Van Assche, Jeanne
Daouad, Fadoua
De Wit, Stéphane
Gautier, Virginie
Mallon, Patrick W. G.
Marcello, Alessandro
Van Lint, Carine
Rohr, Olivier
Schwartz, Christian
Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain
title Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain
title_full Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain
title_fullStr Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain
title_full_unstemmed Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain
title_short Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain
title_sort microglial cells: the main hiv-1 reservoir in the brain
topic Cellular and Infection Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6821723/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31709195
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00362
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