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Simultaneous Detection of Morphine and Codeine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid and in Human Plasma at Nafion Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Electrode

[Image: see text] In clinical settings, the dosing and differential diagnosis of the poisoning of morphine (MO) and codeine (CO) is challenging due to interindividual variations in metabolism. However, direct electrochemical detection of these analytes from biological matrices is inherently challeng...

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Autores principales: Wester, Niklas, Mynttinen, Elsi, Etula, Jarkko, Lilius, Tuomas, Kalso, Eija, Kauppinen, Esko I., Laurila, Tomi, Koskinen, Jari
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Chemical Society 2019
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6822113/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31681878
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b02147
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author Wester, Niklas
Mynttinen, Elsi
Etula, Jarkko
Lilius, Tuomas
Kalso, Eija
Kauppinen, Esko I.
Laurila, Tomi
Koskinen, Jari
author_facet Wester, Niklas
Mynttinen, Elsi
Etula, Jarkko
Lilius, Tuomas
Kalso, Eija
Kauppinen, Esko I.
Laurila, Tomi
Koskinen, Jari
author_sort Wester, Niklas
collection PubMed
description [Image: see text] In clinical settings, the dosing and differential diagnosis of the poisoning of morphine (MO) and codeine (CO) is challenging due to interindividual variations in metabolism. However, direct electrochemical detection of these analytes from biological matrices is inherently challenging due to interference from large concentrations of anions, such as ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), as well as fouling of the electrode by proteins. In this work, a disposable Nafion-coated single-walled carbon nanotube network (SWCNT) electrode was developed. We show facile electron transfer and efficient charge separation between the interfering anions and positively charged MO and CO, as well as significantly reduced matrix effect in human plasma. The Nafion coating alters the voltammetric response of MO and CO, enabling simultaneous detection. With this SWCNT/Nafion electrode, two linear ranges of 0.05–1 and 1–10 μM were found for MO and one linear range of 0.1–50 μM for CO. Moreover, the selective and simultaneous detection of MO and CO was achieved in large excess of AA and UA, as well as, for the first time, in unprocessed human plasma. The favorable properties of this electrode enabled measurements in plasma with only mild dilution and without the precipitation of proteins.
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spelling pubmed-68221132019-11-01 Simultaneous Detection of Morphine and Codeine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid and in Human Plasma at Nafion Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Electrode Wester, Niklas Mynttinen, Elsi Etula, Jarkko Lilius, Tuomas Kalso, Eija Kauppinen, Esko I. Laurila, Tomi Koskinen, Jari ACS Omega [Image: see text] In clinical settings, the dosing and differential diagnosis of the poisoning of morphine (MO) and codeine (CO) is challenging due to interindividual variations in metabolism. However, direct electrochemical detection of these analytes from biological matrices is inherently challenging due to interference from large concentrations of anions, such as ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), as well as fouling of the electrode by proteins. In this work, a disposable Nafion-coated single-walled carbon nanotube network (SWCNT) electrode was developed. We show facile electron transfer and efficient charge separation between the interfering anions and positively charged MO and CO, as well as significantly reduced matrix effect in human plasma. The Nafion coating alters the voltammetric response of MO and CO, enabling simultaneous detection. With this SWCNT/Nafion electrode, two linear ranges of 0.05–1 and 1–10 μM were found for MO and one linear range of 0.1–50 μM for CO. Moreover, the selective and simultaneous detection of MO and CO was achieved in large excess of AA and UA, as well as, for the first time, in unprocessed human plasma. The favorable properties of this electrode enabled measurements in plasma with only mild dilution and without the precipitation of proteins. American Chemical Society 2019-10-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6822113/ /pubmed/31681878 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b02147 Text en Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html) , which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Wester, Niklas
Mynttinen, Elsi
Etula, Jarkko
Lilius, Tuomas
Kalso, Eija
Kauppinen, Esko I.
Laurila, Tomi
Koskinen, Jari
Simultaneous Detection of Morphine and Codeine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid and in Human Plasma at Nafion Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Electrode
title Simultaneous Detection of Morphine and Codeine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid and in Human Plasma at Nafion Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Electrode
title_full Simultaneous Detection of Morphine and Codeine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid and in Human Plasma at Nafion Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Electrode
title_fullStr Simultaneous Detection of Morphine and Codeine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid and in Human Plasma at Nafion Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Electrode
title_full_unstemmed Simultaneous Detection of Morphine and Codeine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid and in Human Plasma at Nafion Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Electrode
title_short Simultaneous Detection of Morphine and Codeine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid and in Human Plasma at Nafion Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Electrode
title_sort simultaneous detection of morphine and codeine in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid and in human plasma at nafion single-walled carbon nanotube thin-film electrode
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6822113/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31681878
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b02147
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