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Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions

Intelligence at either the material or metamaterial level is a goal that researchers have been pursuing. From passive to active, metasurfaces have been developed to be programmable to dynamically and arbitrarily manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wavefields. However, the programmable metasurfaces requi...

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Autores principales: Ma, Qian, Bai, Guo Dong, Jing, Hong Bo, Yang, Cheng, Li, Lianlin, Cui, Tie Jun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6823478/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31700618
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41377-019-0205-3
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author Ma, Qian
Bai, Guo Dong
Jing, Hong Bo
Yang, Cheng
Li, Lianlin
Cui, Tie Jun
author_facet Ma, Qian
Bai, Guo Dong
Jing, Hong Bo
Yang, Cheng
Li, Lianlin
Cui, Tie Jun
author_sort Ma, Qian
collection PubMed
description Intelligence at either the material or metamaterial level is a goal that researchers have been pursuing. From passive to active, metasurfaces have been developed to be programmable to dynamically and arbitrarily manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wavefields. However, the programmable metasurfaces require manual control to switch among different functionalities. Here, we put forth a smart metasurface that has self-adaptively reprogrammable functionalities without human participation. The smart metasurface is capable of sensing ambient environments by integrating an additional sensor(s) and can adaptively adjust its EM operational functionality through an unmanned sensing feedback system. As an illustrative example, we experimentally develop a motion-sensitive smart metasurface integrated with a three-axis gyroscope, which can adjust self-adaptively the EM radiation beams via different rotations of the metasurface. We develop an online feedback algorithm as the control software to make the smart metasurface achieve single-beam and multibeam steering and other dynamic reactions adaptively. The proposed metasurface is extendable to other physical sensors to detect the humidity, temperature, illuminating light, and so on. Our strategy will open up a new avenue for future unmanned devices that are consistent with the ambient environment.
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spelling pubmed-68234782019-11-07 Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions Ma, Qian Bai, Guo Dong Jing, Hong Bo Yang, Cheng Li, Lianlin Cui, Tie Jun Light Sci Appl Article Intelligence at either the material or metamaterial level is a goal that researchers have been pursuing. From passive to active, metasurfaces have been developed to be programmable to dynamically and arbitrarily manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wavefields. However, the programmable metasurfaces require manual control to switch among different functionalities. Here, we put forth a smart metasurface that has self-adaptively reprogrammable functionalities without human participation. The smart metasurface is capable of sensing ambient environments by integrating an additional sensor(s) and can adaptively adjust its EM operational functionality through an unmanned sensing feedback system. As an illustrative example, we experimentally develop a motion-sensitive smart metasurface integrated with a three-axis gyroscope, which can adjust self-adaptively the EM radiation beams via different rotations of the metasurface. We develop an online feedback algorithm as the control software to make the smart metasurface achieve single-beam and multibeam steering and other dynamic reactions adaptively. The proposed metasurface is extendable to other physical sensors to detect the humidity, temperature, illuminating light, and so on. Our strategy will open up a new avenue for future unmanned devices that are consistent with the ambient environment. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC6823478/ /pubmed/31700618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41377-019-0205-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Ma, Qian
Bai, Guo Dong
Jing, Hong Bo
Yang, Cheng
Li, Lianlin
Cui, Tie Jun
Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions
title Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions
title_full Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions
title_fullStr Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions
title_full_unstemmed Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions
title_short Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions
title_sort smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6823478/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31700618
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41377-019-0205-3
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