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Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions
Intelligence at either the material or metamaterial level is a goal that researchers have been pursuing. From passive to active, metasurfaces have been developed to be programmable to dynamically and arbitrarily manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wavefields. However, the programmable metasurfaces requi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6823478/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31700618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41377-019-0205-3 |
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author | Ma, Qian Bai, Guo Dong Jing, Hong Bo Yang, Cheng Li, Lianlin Cui, Tie Jun |
author_facet | Ma, Qian Bai, Guo Dong Jing, Hong Bo Yang, Cheng Li, Lianlin Cui, Tie Jun |
author_sort | Ma, Qian |
collection | PubMed |
description | Intelligence at either the material or metamaterial level is a goal that researchers have been pursuing. From passive to active, metasurfaces have been developed to be programmable to dynamically and arbitrarily manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wavefields. However, the programmable metasurfaces require manual control to switch among different functionalities. Here, we put forth a smart metasurface that has self-adaptively reprogrammable functionalities without human participation. The smart metasurface is capable of sensing ambient environments by integrating an additional sensor(s) and can adaptively adjust its EM operational functionality through an unmanned sensing feedback system. As an illustrative example, we experimentally develop a motion-sensitive smart metasurface integrated with a three-axis gyroscope, which can adjust self-adaptively the EM radiation beams via different rotations of the metasurface. We develop an online feedback algorithm as the control software to make the smart metasurface achieve single-beam and multibeam steering and other dynamic reactions adaptively. The proposed metasurface is extendable to other physical sensors to detect the humidity, temperature, illuminating light, and so on. Our strategy will open up a new avenue for future unmanned devices that are consistent with the ambient environment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6823478 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68234782019-11-07 Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions Ma, Qian Bai, Guo Dong Jing, Hong Bo Yang, Cheng Li, Lianlin Cui, Tie Jun Light Sci Appl Article Intelligence at either the material or metamaterial level is a goal that researchers have been pursuing. From passive to active, metasurfaces have been developed to be programmable to dynamically and arbitrarily manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wavefields. However, the programmable metasurfaces require manual control to switch among different functionalities. Here, we put forth a smart metasurface that has self-adaptively reprogrammable functionalities without human participation. The smart metasurface is capable of sensing ambient environments by integrating an additional sensor(s) and can adaptively adjust its EM operational functionality through an unmanned sensing feedback system. As an illustrative example, we experimentally develop a motion-sensitive smart metasurface integrated with a three-axis gyroscope, which can adjust self-adaptively the EM radiation beams via different rotations of the metasurface. We develop an online feedback algorithm as the control software to make the smart metasurface achieve single-beam and multibeam steering and other dynamic reactions adaptively. The proposed metasurface is extendable to other physical sensors to detect the humidity, temperature, illuminating light, and so on. Our strategy will open up a new avenue for future unmanned devices that are consistent with the ambient environment. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC6823478/ /pubmed/31700618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41377-019-0205-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Ma, Qian Bai, Guo Dong Jing, Hong Bo Yang, Cheng Li, Lianlin Cui, Tie Jun Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions |
title | Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions |
title_full | Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions |
title_fullStr | Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions |
title_full_unstemmed | Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions |
title_short | Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions |
title_sort | smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6823478/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31700618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41377-019-0205-3 |
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