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The Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Huntington’s Disease
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. HD patients present with movement disorders, behavioral and psychiatric symptoms and cognitive decline. This review summarizes the contribution of microglia and astrocytes to HD pathophysiology. Neuroinflammation in the HD...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6824292/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31708741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2019.00258 |
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author | Palpagama, Thulani H. Waldvogel, Henry J. Faull, Richard L. M. Kwakowsky, Andrea |
author_facet | Palpagama, Thulani H. Waldvogel, Henry J. Faull, Richard L. M. Kwakowsky, Andrea |
author_sort | Palpagama, Thulani H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. HD patients present with movement disorders, behavioral and psychiatric symptoms and cognitive decline. This review summarizes the contribution of microglia and astrocytes to HD pathophysiology. Neuroinflammation in the HD brain is characterized by a reactive morphology in these glial cells. Microglia and astrocytes are critical in regulating neuronal activity and maintaining an optimal milieu for neuronal function. Previous studies provide evidence that activated microglia and reactive astrocytes contribute to HD pathology through transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory genes to perpetuate a chronic inflammatory state. Reactive astrocytes also display functional changes in glutamate and ion homeostasis and energy metabolism. Astrocytic and microglial changes may further contribute to the neuronal death observed with the progression of HD. Importantly, the degree to which these neuroinflammatory changes are detrimental to neurons and contribute to the progression of HD pathology is not well understood. Furthermore, recent observations provide compelling evidence that activated microglia and astrocytes exert a variety of beneficial functions that are essential for limiting tissue damage and preserving neuronal function in the HD brain. Therefore, a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory environment in the brain in HD may lead to the development of targeted and innovative therapeutic opportunities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6824292 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68242922019-11-08 The Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Huntington’s Disease Palpagama, Thulani H. Waldvogel, Henry J. Faull, Richard L. M. Kwakowsky, Andrea Front Mol Neurosci Neuroscience Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. HD patients present with movement disorders, behavioral and psychiatric symptoms and cognitive decline. This review summarizes the contribution of microglia and astrocytes to HD pathophysiology. Neuroinflammation in the HD brain is characterized by a reactive morphology in these glial cells. Microglia and astrocytes are critical in regulating neuronal activity and maintaining an optimal milieu for neuronal function. Previous studies provide evidence that activated microglia and reactive astrocytes contribute to HD pathology through transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory genes to perpetuate a chronic inflammatory state. Reactive astrocytes also display functional changes in glutamate and ion homeostasis and energy metabolism. Astrocytic and microglial changes may further contribute to the neuronal death observed with the progression of HD. Importantly, the degree to which these neuroinflammatory changes are detrimental to neurons and contribute to the progression of HD pathology is not well understood. Furthermore, recent observations provide compelling evidence that activated microglia and astrocytes exert a variety of beneficial functions that are essential for limiting tissue damage and preserving neuronal function in the HD brain. Therefore, a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory environment in the brain in HD may lead to the development of targeted and innovative therapeutic opportunities. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6824292/ /pubmed/31708741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2019.00258 Text en Copyright © 2019 Palpagama, Waldvogel, Faull and Kwakowsky. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Palpagama, Thulani H. Waldvogel, Henry J. Faull, Richard L. M. Kwakowsky, Andrea The Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Huntington’s Disease |
title | The Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Huntington’s Disease |
title_full | The Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Huntington’s Disease |
title_fullStr | The Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Huntington’s Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Huntington’s Disease |
title_short | The Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Huntington’s Disease |
title_sort | role of microglia and astrocytes in huntington’s disease |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6824292/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31708741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2019.00258 |
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