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Transcriptional Networks of Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease and Insights into Pathogenesis

Microglia, the main immune cells of the central nervous system, are increasingly implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Manifold transcriptomic studies in the brain have not only highlighted microglia’s role in AD pathogenesis, but also mapped crucial pathological processes and identified new thera...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Chew, Gabriel, Petretto, Enrico
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6826883/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31614849
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10100798
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author Chew, Gabriel
Petretto, Enrico
author_facet Chew, Gabriel
Petretto, Enrico
author_sort Chew, Gabriel
collection PubMed
description Microglia, the main immune cells of the central nervous system, are increasingly implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Manifold transcriptomic studies in the brain have not only highlighted microglia’s role in AD pathogenesis, but also mapped crucial pathological processes and identified new therapeutic targets. An important component of many of these transcriptomic studies is the investigation of gene expression networks in AD brain, which has provided important new insights into how coordinated gene regulatory programs in microglia (and other cell types) underlie AD pathogenesis. Given the rapid technological advancements in transcriptional profiling, spanning from microarrays to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), tools used for mapping gene expression networks have evolved to keep pace with the unique features of each transcriptomic platform. In this article, we review the trajectory of transcriptomic network analyses in AD from brain to microglia, highlighting the corresponding methodological developments. Lastly, we discuss examples of how transcriptional network analysis provides new insights into AD mechanisms and pathogenesis.
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spelling pubmed-68268832019-11-18 Transcriptional Networks of Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease and Insights into Pathogenesis Chew, Gabriel Petretto, Enrico Genes (Basel) Review Microglia, the main immune cells of the central nervous system, are increasingly implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Manifold transcriptomic studies in the brain have not only highlighted microglia’s role in AD pathogenesis, but also mapped crucial pathological processes and identified new therapeutic targets. An important component of many of these transcriptomic studies is the investigation of gene expression networks in AD brain, which has provided important new insights into how coordinated gene regulatory programs in microglia (and other cell types) underlie AD pathogenesis. Given the rapid technological advancements in transcriptional profiling, spanning from microarrays to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), tools used for mapping gene expression networks have evolved to keep pace with the unique features of each transcriptomic platform. In this article, we review the trajectory of transcriptomic network analyses in AD from brain to microglia, highlighting the corresponding methodological developments. Lastly, we discuss examples of how transcriptional network analysis provides new insights into AD mechanisms and pathogenesis. MDPI 2019-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6826883/ /pubmed/31614849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10100798 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chew, Gabriel
Petretto, Enrico
Transcriptional Networks of Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease and Insights into Pathogenesis
title Transcriptional Networks of Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease and Insights into Pathogenesis
title_full Transcriptional Networks of Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease and Insights into Pathogenesis
title_fullStr Transcriptional Networks of Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease and Insights into Pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptional Networks of Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease and Insights into Pathogenesis
title_short Transcriptional Networks of Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease and Insights into Pathogenesis
title_sort transcriptional networks of microglia in alzheimer’s disease and insights into pathogenesis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6826883/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31614849
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10100798
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